backgrounds: evidence is accumulating to support disruption of tissue architecture as a powerful event in tumor formation. for the past four decades, intensive cancer research with the premise of “cancer as a cell based-disease” focused on finding oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. however, the role of the tissue architecture was neglected. three dimensional (3d) cell cultures which can recap...

Background: Radiotherapy is an effective and important therapeutic method for breast cancer, but at the same time it has a radiation-induced bystander effect on normal tissue around the tumor. Repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by normal cells can reduce the extent of damage caused by this effect. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important regulatory molecule in cell signal transduction. However, th...

Background: Staphylococci are recognized worldwide as one of the most important etiological agents of bovine mastitis due to their virulence factors such as their ability to penetrate inside mammary epithelial cells and their ability to form biofilm. Aims: The objectives of this study were to establish a model of primary mammary epithelial cells origin...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal medicine for warming kidney on proliferation of normal human mammary epithelial cells in primary culture. METHODS The normal human mammary epithelial cells were dissociated by digestion with collagenase type I. The morphological identification of normal human mammary epithelial cells in primary culture was determined under inverted phase con...

A fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the mammary gland of a lamb by immunohistochemical method andmeasurement of oestradiol hormone. The tumor was characterized by an encapsulated firm mass with acreamy-white cut surface. Histologically, it consisted of variably-sized sinus ducts, covered by a single ormultiple layers of proliferated epithelial cells, and embedded in a loose connective tissue. Immun...

The tissue microenvironment directs stem/progenitor cell behavior. Cancer cells are also influenced by the microenvironment. It has been shown that, when placed into blastocysts, cancer cells respond to embryonic cues and differentiate according to the tissue type encountered during ontological development. Previously, we showed that the mouse mammary gland was capable of redirecting adult mous...

a fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the mammary gland of a lamb by immunohistochemical method andmeasurement of oestradiol hormone. the tumor was characterized by an encapsulated firm mass with acreamy-white cut surface. histologically, it consisted of variably-sized sinus ducts, covered by a single ormultiple layers of proliferated epithelial cells, and embedded in a loose connective tissue. immun...

Although mouse models have provided invaluable information on the mechanisms of mammary gland development, anatomical and developmental differences between human and mice limit full understanding of this fundamental process. Humanization of the mouse mammary gland by injecting immortalized human breast stromal cells into the cleared murine mammary fat pad enables the growth and development of h...

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key developmental program that is often activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. We here report that the induction of an EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMLEs) results in the acquisition of mesenchymal traits and in the expression of stem-cell markers. Furthermore, we show that those cells have an increased ability to ...

The human growth hormone (hGH) gene is expressed in the normal human mammary epithelial cell and its expression increases concomitant with the acquisition of proliferative lesions. Herein we demonstrate that autocrine production of hGH in human mammary carcinoma cells dramatically enhances anchorage-independent growth in a Janus kinase 2-dependent manner. Forced expression of the hGH gene in im...