Extracellular heat-shock proteins (HSPs) interact with the immune system in a very complex manner. Many such HSPs exert powerful effects on the immune response, playing both stimulatory and regulatory roles. However, the influence of the HSPs on immunity appears to be positive or negative in nature - rarely neutral. Thus, the HSPs can act as dominant antigens and can comprise key components of ...

Diagnosis of infectious diseases remains an important issue in medical science. Identification of biomarkers can be used to predict early infections. Recently, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been known as the conserved compounds expressed under stress conditions in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. These proteins act as molecular chaperones. Several studies showed the increased levels o...

he heat shock protein (HSP) family consists of HSP90, HSP70, chaperon-containing TCP1, small HSP (sHSP) and mitochondrial HSP60. Some of these are reported to be increased during heart failure, hypertrophy and ischemia.1 It is clear that HSPs function as chaperones in response to stress in cardiomyocytes.2 In addition, extracellular HSPs and those on the plasma membrane act as cytokines instead...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are remarkably conserved in all living organisms. The upregulation of expression of HSPs is triggered by a variety of physiological and environmental insults. HSPs play an important role in protecting against protein denaturation and subsequent celluar stress, which damages the intestinal mucosa and reduces the protective function of the mucosal barrier, resulting in ...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are abundant cellular proteins involved with protein homeostasis. They have both constitutive and inducible isoforms, whose expression levels are further increased by stress conditions, such as temperature elevation, reduced oxygen levels, infection, inflammation and exposure to toxic substances. In these situations, HSPs exert a pivotal role in offering protection, p...

In response to stress stimuli, mammalian cells activate an ancient signaling pathway leading to the transient expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are a family of proteins serving as molecular chaperones that prevent the formation of nonspecific protein aggregates and assist proteins in the acquisition of their native structures. Physiologically, HSPs play a protective role in the hom...

Heralded single photon source (HSPS) is an important way in generating genuine photon, having advantages of experimental simplicity and versatility. However, HSPS intrinsically suffers from the trade-off between heralded rate purity. To overcome this, one can apply multiplexing technology different degrees freedom to enhance performance HSPS. Here, by employing spectral active feed-forward mani...

OBJECTIVES We previously reported that Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can inhibit glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo. While the use of ATO alone for solid tumor treatment sometimes was found to be ineffective which may be due to the protective pathways including heat shock proteins (HSPs) response induced by ATO. In this study, we modified HSPs expression to investigate whether HSPs had some effec...