This paper discusses the determinants of product innovation in young innovative companies (YICs) by looking at in-house and external R&D and at the acquisition of external technology in embodied and disembodied components. These inputoutput relationships are tested on a sample of innovative Italian firms. A sampleselection approach is applied. Results show that in-house R&D is linked to the pro...

Through an industry-level analysis of Chinese largeand medium-size manufacturing enterprises over the period of 1996–2001, this article investigates the direct and interactive contributions of four technology acquisition channels to industry performances in terms of innovation performance and productivity. These channels include in-house R&D, foreign technology transfer, domestic technology tra...

According to Gans & Stern (1999), firms engage in R&D spending, in part, in order to improve their bargaining position as buyers in the market for technology. We test this theory empirically with data from the pharmaceutical industry. We develop and estimate a structural model of R&D spending and licensing. We find that R&D spending does improve the bargaining position of licensees; although, t...

BACKGROUND Insecticide spraying efficiently controls house infestation by triatomine bugs, the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. The strategy, however, is ineffective against sylvatic triatomines, which can transmit Chagas disease by invading (without colonizing) man-made structures. Despite growing awareness of the relevance of these transmission dynamics, the drivers of house invasion by sylvatic...

guity and choice in organizations, Bergen, Norway: Universitetsforlaget, 1976. Newbrough, J. R. Concepts of behavior disorder. In S. E. Golann & C. Eisdorfer (Eds.), Handbook of community mental health. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Reiff, R. Ya gotta believe. In I. Iscoe, B. L. Bloom, & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Community psychology in transition. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere, 1...