we investigated the relations among infection intensity of european mistletoe (viscum album l.) with host tree features in nour forest park, located in caspian forests in north of iran. the number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. parameters including dbh, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, ba...

Vascular epiphytes are important components of biological diversity in tropical forests. We measured the species richness and abundance of vascular epiphytes along four vertical crown zones and five horizontal orientations on 376 trees, as well as the diameter at breast height (DBH) of host trees in tropical cloud forests in Bawangling, Hainan, China. The relationship between vascular epiphyte ...

Field surveys in Zagros forests located in western Iran were done to study some aspects of biology and host range of Biscogniauxia mediterranea during 2014-2016. The ability of its conidia and ascospores to cause the disease was evaluated under greenhouse condition. Ascospore viability and development of anamorph and teleomorph were surveyed under different conditions. The pathogen host range w...

Endophytic fungi are beneficial fungi to their host plants and help them to endure biotic and abiotic stresses with different methods. In order to identify some endophytic fungi of sour cherry trees, healthy plant samples including twigs and leaves were collected from several provinces of Iran. A total number of 176 isolates were obtained and studied taxonomically. Based on morphological featur...

Several leaf spotting or blotching fungal diseases occur on forest trees in Guilan province (N Iran). Some of them such as maple tar spot affect health of host trees severely, but many are of minor effect. This study was carried out to identify unknown and less known fungi causing leaf spot and leaf blotch diseases on broad leaf trees in this region. So far numerous fungi were collected. Four s...

Iterative equations were developed that predict the encounter rate between a population of moving animals and a population of stationary objects, where the animals cease to search upon finding an object. The encounter rate through time depends on the number of searching animals (bark beetles), number of stationary objects (host trees), average speed of the animals, average radius of the object,...

Host size and distance from an infected plant have been previously found to affect mistletoe occurrence in woody vegetation but the effect of host plant competition on mistletoe infection has not been empirically tested. For an individual tree, increasing competition from neighbouring trees decreases its resource availability, and resource availability is also known to affect the establishment ...