time-of-flight diffraction method (tofd) is an amplitude-independent sizing method which is based on the measurement of time-of-flight of defect tip diffracted waves. although tofd can measure through-wall length of defect accurately, this method is not capable of measuring horizontal defect size. in this paper, a new tofd method for evaluating horizontal planar defects is presented. the finite...

Time-of-flight diffraction method (ToFD) is an amplitude-independent sizing method which is based on the measurement of time-of-flight of defect tip diffracted waves. Although ToFD can measure through-wall length of defect accurately, this method is not capable of measuring horizontal defect size. In this paper, a new ToFD method for evaluating horizontal planar defects is presented. The finite...

Several deficient steel structural members require to be strengthened all over the world. In this article, horizontal defects were generated at three locations (top, middle, and bottom) on the middle element and the middle of the side element. Consequently, the effects of the location of such defects on axial behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened steel Square Hollow Se...

A three-dimensionally periodic dielectric structure with a large complete photonic band gap ~PBG! is presented. The structure is distinguished by a sequence of planar layers, identical except for a horizontal offset, and repeating every three layers to form an fcc lattice. The layers can be thought of as an alternating stack of the two basic two-dimensional ~2D! PBG slab geometries: rods in air...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality which needs prompt recognition. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is a well-established diagnostic test for evaluation of suspected PE. We report a 32-year-old woman with history of rheumatologic disease and acute dyspnea, who was referred for V/Q scintigraphy. The planar images revealed multiple mismatched defects through...

statement of problem: among periodontal defects, the furcation involvement represents one of the most chalenging scenarios due to the difficulty of achieving a predictable improvement regardless of the type of periodontal therapy. moreover, the presence of furcation involvement has been demonstrated to considerably affect tooth prognosis. thus, treatment of furcation defects is a challenge in c...

We report a new \{001\} planar defect found in SiGe nanopillars. The structure, determined by atomic resolution electron microscopy, matches the Humble model proposed for diamond. also investigated several possible variants of structure using first principles calculations and that one lowest energy was best agreement with STEM images. pillar composition has been analyzed loss spectroscopy, whic...

The physical properties of nanostructures strongly depend on their structures, and planar defects in particular could significantly affect the behavior of the nanowires. In this work, planar defects (twins or stacking faults) in boron carbide nanowires are extensively studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show that these defects can easily be invisible, i.e., no presence of...