The objective of this study is to explain mathematically the effect of curvature of horizontal balancing condylar path on that of tooth path. Conclusions from the calculation are; 1. Curvature of tooth path increases similar to that of horizontal balancing condylar path. 2. The relation of curvature between horizontal balancing condylar path and tooth path is hardly affected, even if the direct...

We examined the effects of vertical-disparity gradients on apparent depth curvature of textured surfaces. In Experiment 1, vertical disparities induced expected curvatures when the surface had a horizontal disparity of < +/-40.34'. A central row of elements, lacking vertical disparities, ceased to have the same apparent curvature as the surface when the horizontal disparity between row and surf...

The present study aimed to characterize the effect of a nearby distractor on vertical, horizontal, and oblique saccade curvature under normal saccade preparation times. Consistent with previous findings, longer-latency vertical saccades showed greater curvature away from a distractor than did oblique or horizontal saccades. At short latencies, vertical saccades also showed greater curvature tow...

Horizontal mattress sutures have previously been shown to remove unwanted bulbosity and convexity of nasal tip cartilages. The purpose of this study was to extend that concept by investigating the universal applicability of the horizontal mattress suture to change and control the curvature (e.g., convexity or concavity) of a wide variety of nasal cartilages and warped cartilage grafts. The hori...

Horizontal mattress sutures have previously been shown to remove unwanted bulbosity and convexity of nasal tip cartilages. The purpose of this study was to extend that concept by investigating the universal applicability of the horizontal mattress suture to change and control the curvature (e.g., convexity or concavity) of a wide variety of nasal cartilages and warped cartilage grafts. The hori...

We study evolution by horizontal mean curvature flow in subRiemannian geometries by using stochastic approach to prove the existence of a generalized evolution in these spaces. In particular we show that the value function of suitable family of stochastic control problems solves in the viscosity sense the level set equation for the evolution by horizontal mean curvature flow.

We study some sub-Riemannian objects (such as horizontal connectivity, horizontal connection, horizontal tangent plane, horizontal mean curvature) in hypersurfaces of sub-Riemannian manifolds. We prove that if a connected hypersurface in a contact manifold of dimension more than three is noncharacteristic or with isolated characteristic points, then given two points, there exists at least one p...

BACKGROUND To asses the effect of menopause on the corneal curvature changes using corneal computerized videokeratography (CVK) in premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy women. METHODS Thirty-six postmenopausal women with mean ages of 49.2 (range 39 to 57) were enrolled in this randomized, prospective study, comparing with 26 healthy controls with mean ages of 38.5 +/- 4.9 (range 32 to 49)....