In this paper, we investigate some results on hoop algebras and hyper hoop-algebras. We construct a hoop and a hyper hoop on any countable set. Then using the notion of the fundamental relation we define the fundamental hoop and we show that any hoop is a fundamental hoop and then we construct a fundamental hoop on any non-empty countable set.

In this study, the longitudinal and hoop tensile strengths of an industrial ±55° Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe with eighteen layers as well as the associated failure mechanisms are determined. To obtain the longitudinal and hoop tensile strengths values, three specimens are cut from the studied GRE pipe in each direction. A comparison is done between both the strength values, and the fractu...

Outdoor access is an important part of organic and free-range poultry production, yet limited information exists on the effect of various housing and production systems on growth performance and colonization of food-borne pathogens. Therefore, the primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influence of different housing systems, particularly fixed versus small, portable houses, wi...

Swine producers in the United States who are looking for lower cost structures in which to raise pigs have increasingly turned to so-called hoop barns or hooped shelters as facilities in which to house grow-finish swine. Hoop barns have been rapidly adopted. For example, by 2001, Iowa farmers had erected more than 2,100 hoop barns for finishing pigs. Hoop barns can be used successfully to finis...

Bellows are special structures that require high strength as well as good flexibility. The design, manufacture, and analysis of bellow tubes thus are more complicated. Test of bellows to understand their mechanical behavior, and to verify a design purpose finite element program is needed for practical use. In this paper, digital-image-correlation method is applied to measure the stiffness of si...

This paper presents results of testing twelve hollow square reinforced concrete specimens wrapped with Carbon fibre reinforced polymer CFRP. The effect of ply configuration on the behaviour of the specimens is investigated. All specimens were 800mm high and had the dimensions of 200mm× 200mm in cross-section and a hollow core of 80mm× 80mm. The specimens were divided into four groups with three...

In this paper, by considering the notion of hyper hoop-algebras, we define the concepts of (strong) regular relations on hyper hoop-algebras and investigate some properties of them. Then we construct a quotient (hyper) hoop-algebra by a (strong)regular relation on hyper hoop-algebras. Finally, we define the notion of maximal filter and we investigate the relation between quotient simple hyper h...

We develop alternative semantics for à Lukasiewicz logic and for cancellative hoop logic according to the following idea. We formalize statements reflecting an inexact knowledge of certain (sharp) properties; we assume that all what can be known about a property is its expressive strength. To this end, we consider a Boolean algebra endowed with an automorphism group or, alternatively, with a me...

Hollow metal and composite baseball and softball bats exhibit two types of vibrational modes, bending modes and hoop modes. The hoop modes are unique to hollow bats and involve only a radial vibration of the barrel of the bat. The lowest frequency hoop mode is responsible for the both the "ping" sound of a metal bat and the so-called "trampoline effect." Modal analysis is used to determine the ...

In order to develop FeCrAl-based ODS alloy tubing with the coarse, high aspect ratio, appropriately oriented grain structures likely to deliver enhanced high temperature (1100C) hoop creep strength compared to conventionally formed ODS alloy tubing, flow forming techniques were explored in a European funded programme. The evolution of microstructure in PM2000 alloy tubing formed by warm flow fo...