Background:It is possible that some hamate hook fractures are not diagnosed or treated, thereby affecting the study of their natural history. Study of the prevalence of incidental hamate hook fractures, nonunions, and other abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) ordered for another reason could document a subset of undiagnosed and untreated hamate hook fractures which might change our under...

Objective- The aim of this study was to compare the duration of surgery as well as some physiological stress indicators in large breed dogs undergoing open ovariohysterectomy with or without use of uterine hook. Design- Experimental study Animals- Fourteen healthy dogs underwent open OHE with (N=7) or without use of uterine hook (N ...

background: the purposes of the present study were morphometric characteri-zation of rostellar hooks of taenia multiceps and to investigate the association of hook length variation and the variability within two mitochondrial genes of sheep isolates of the parasite. methods: up to 4500 sheep brains were examined for the presence of c. cerebralis . biometric characters based on the larval rostel...

We introduce a quasisymmetric generalization of Berele and Regev’s hook Schur functions and prove that these new quasisymmetric hook Schur functions decompose the hook Schur functions in a natural way. In this paper we examine the combinatorics of the quasisymmetric hook Schur functions, providing analogues of the RobinsonSchensted-Knuth algorithm and a generalized Cauchy Identity. Résumé. Nous...

The structure of the Gram-positive flagellum is poorly understood, and Bacillus subtilis encodes three proteins homologous to the flagellar hook protein from Salmonella enterica. Here we generated a modified B. subtilis hook protein that could be fluorescently stained using a cysteine-reactive dye. We used the fluorescently labeled hook to demonstrate that FlgE is the hook structural protein an...

Conditions influencing the opening of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hypocotyl hook were defined. Such hooks were shown to undergo geotropic curvature; orientation of the hook with respect to gravity greatly affected the observed opening. Cotton and bean hooks behaved exactly opposite in regard to the presence of the cotyledons and apical bud. The cotton hoo...

During flagellar morphogenesis in Salmonella typhimurium, the flagellum-specific anti-sigma factor FlgM is exported out of the cells only after completion of hook assembly. In this study, we examined the export of the flagellar proteins, FlgD (hook capping protein), FlgE (hook protein), FlgK and FlgL (hook-filament junction proteins), FliD (filament capping protein), and FliC (flagellin), befor...

The kinematics of an arresting-hook unit are studied in order to determine, within the limits of the assumption of a perfectly rigid hook unit, the damper force necessary to control hook bounce. The necessity for a smooth deck and the desirability of small trail angle for the hook unit are demonstrated from several aspects. The design requirements for a hook damper unit are discussed in all the...