the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the modified ashworth scale (mas) by using both the conventional (hmax/mmax ratio) and the new indicators (hslp/mslp) of motoneuron excitability. this research was a correlational study on twenty post-stroke patients. main outcome measures were the mas and electrophysiologic assessments. the latter was performed using both conventiona...

the aim of this investigation is to compare the effect of applying two transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens) current with different frequencies (2 hz & 100 hz) on hoffmann reflex recorded from gastrosoleus muscle of healthy people. forty female subjects between 20 to 30 years of age were participated in this quasi-experimental design. twenty of them were exposed to the 100 hz curre...

This study sought to investigate the relationships between clinical and neurophysiologic assessments of spasticity after injection of botulinum toxin-A in children with cerebral palsy. A total of 40 children were recruited. Clinical assessments included the modified Ashworth scale and modified Tardieu scale parameters R1, R2, and D. Neurophysiologic assessment included compound motor action pot...

Hoffmann originally described how an electric shock to the tibial nerve in man evokes not only a motor response in the calf muscles but also a wellsynchronized reflex response with a latency of about 30 msec. This late response, which he identified with the stretch reflex, was shown to have the following characteristics (Hoffmann, 1918, 1922; Hoffmann and Keller, 1928): (a) It appears only in m...

The Hoffmann reflex and the Achilles tendon reflex were measured in a group of 194 subjects suspected of having a lumbosacral root compression syndrome. The Achilles tendon reflex was elicited manually with a metal hammer. There was a high correlation between the H-M interval and the Achilles tendon reflex-M interval. The usefulness of the Achilles tendon reflex was evaluated in a selected sub-...

The Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) is extensively used as both a research and clinical tool. The ease with which this reflex can be elicited in several muscles throughout the body makes it an attractive tool. This review discusses some of the important limitations in using the H-reflex. In particular, the inaccurate but widely held assumptions that the H-reflex (1). represents the monosynaptic refl...