in wireless sensor networks, optimal consumptionof energy and having maximum life time are important factors. in this article attempt has been made to send the data packets with particular reliability from the beginning based on aodv protocol. in this way two new fields add to the routing packets and during routing and discovering of new routes, the lowest remained energy of nodes and route tra...

the intelligent transportation system (its) provides wireless and mobile communication between vehicles and infrastructure to improve the safety of transportation and make the journey more enjoyable. this system consists of many fixed and mobile nodes (vehicles, trains, vessels, air planes), wireless and wired telecommunication technologies to exchange information between mobile nodes or betwee...

in this paper, we propose a scheme to improve existing ad-hoc on-demanddistance vector (aodv) routing protocol by discovering and maintaining multiplenon-overlapped routes. our routing protocol is a multipath version of aodvrouting protocol that considers only the disjoint path. due to non-overlappingamong paths, when a link breaks in the network, only one of paths is expired. thepresented rout...

ad hoc mobile networks have dynamic topology with no central management. because of the high mobility of nodes, the network topology may change constantly, so creating a routing with high reliability is one of the major challenges of these networks .in the proposed framework first, by finding directions to the destination and calculating the value of the rout the combination of this value with ...

ad hoc networks are multi-hop wireless networks without a pre-installed infrastructure. such networks are widely used in military applications and in emergency situations as they permit the establishment of a communication network at very short notice with a very low cost. video is very sensitive for packet loss and wireless ad-hoc networks are error prone due to node mobility and weak links. h...

in this paper, an efficient fault-tolerant routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks (manets) is presented. the proposed algorithm increases the network fault-tolerance using natural redundancy of ad-hoc networks. this algorithm is carried out in two stages; 1) the selection of backup nodes 2) the selection of backup route(s). in the first stage, the proposed algorithm chooses nodes with the...

by extending wireless networks and because of their different nature, some attacks appear in these networks which did not exist in wired networks. security is a serious challenge for actual implementation in wireless networks. due to lack of the fixed infrastructure and also because of security holes in routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks, these networks are not protected against attack...

in recent years mobile networks have expanded dramatically, compared with other wireless networks. routing protocols in these networks are designed with the assumption that there is no attacker node, so routing protocols are vulnerable to various attacks in these networks. in this paper, we review the network layer attacks and then we simulate the impact of black hole attack on ad hoc on demand...

heretofore several position-based routing protocols have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks. many of these protocols assume that a location service is available which provides location information on the nodes in the network.our solutions decrease location update without loss of query success rate or throughput and even increase those.simulation results show that our methods are effectiv...