hemimelia as a congenital anomaly is a failure of development of extremities formation in embryonic period. this anomaly is defined as complete absence of the part of extremities and different forms were explained for hemimelia. adactyly is an alternative name for transverse hemimelia and is a rare disorder in the most of animal species. a two months old male lamb with normal vital signs was re...

In my earlier experiments with spinal cats (1962) I established that the isolated lumbosacral cord is able to co-ordinate walking movements of the hind limbs. In cats this part of the cord possesses a high degree of autonomy. It seemed interesting to know whether in rabbits the isolated lumbosacral cord is also able to maintain these functions. It was especially important to establish whether t...

My previous experiments with salamanders {Triton cristatus; ten Cate, 1927) and tortoises (Testudo graeca; ten Cate, 1937) have shown that, after transection of the spinal cord in the thoracic region, locomotor movements of the hind limbs can be observed under favourable conditions while the front limbs remain motionless. These alternating movements are well co-ordinated but last only a short t...

the aim of this study was to find any structural differences between the digital pads of forelimbs and hind limbs as well as more careful investigation of the internal and external structures of the toe-pad. in this study, pad morphology and cytology in litoria caerulea is described using sem, tem and light microscopy. at the gross anatomical level, toe-pads in hind limbs were subdivided into m...

The relations among swing, stance and step durations for the fore and hind limbs were investigated. Registration of the swing and stance phases was performed by the opening and closing of an electrical circuit as the cat moved along the conductive pathway. In the walking animal, longer swing and shorter stance durations for hind limbs, in comparison with the fore limbs, were observed. However, ...

In case of high-dose radiation exposure, mechanisms controlling late visceral organ damage are still not completely understood and may involve the central nervous system. To investigate the influence of cranial/brain irradiation on late visceral organ damage in case of high-dose exposure, Wistar rats were irradiated at 12 Gy, with either the head and fore limbs or the two hind limbs protected b...

OBJECTIVE To establish a protocol to collect temporal-spatial gait analysis variables by use of a portable walkway system in Labrador Retrievers at a walk and to determine reference values. ANIMALS 56 healthy Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURES 6 passes across the walkway (3 passes in each direction) were recorded. Inclusion criteria for a pass were that the dog was at a walk (velocity, 60.0 to...

Objective- To measure statistically bone cortex to diameter  (C/D) ratio in metocarpo/metatarsal and proximal phalanges in camel. This ratio may be used in diagnosing possible metabolic and nutritional diseases in camel. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Twelve camel limbs (6 fore limbs & 6 hind limbs)      Procedures- This study was conducted on dorsopalmar/dorsoplantar radiographs of t...

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and degree discomfort in dairy cows risk factors associated by taking into account six animal welfare indicators included Welfare Quality® Protocol (WQ®): lying time, outside area, collision cleanliness assessed on three body areas: udder, hindquarters hind limbs. These were carried out 1,200 belonging 100 farms province Algiers, which ...

BACKGROUND It is not clear how hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) affects ischemia-induced pathophysiological responses such as angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. In the present study the effects of HBO on the functional and morphological recovery of ischemic hind limbs, blood perfusion and the local production of angiogenic growth factors were studied in a mouse model. METHODS AND R...