objective: glut4 is a type of glucose transporter and plays a central role in whole-body metabolism of carbohydrates. the muscle is the major site of glut4 and cell line models, to explore glut4 behaviors under new therapeutic approach, such as herbal components, should be evaluated. here, c2c12 cell line is evaluated for glut4 translocation from intracellular compartment into the cell membrane...

Herbal ingredients in a Chinese fufang prescription are often replaced by one or several other herbal combinations. As there have been very few Chinese herbal patent infringement cases, it is still unclear how the Doctrine of Equivalents should be applied to determine the scope of 'equivalents' in Chinese fufang prescriptions. Case law principles from cases in other technical areas such as chem...

OBJECTIVE To detect the anticandidal activity of nine toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and herbal extracts as an active ingredients against 45 oral and non oral Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolates. METHODS The antifungal activity of these toothpaste formulations was determined using a standard agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed...

Many patients use herbal supplements to treat chronic cardiovascular conditions and often combine herbal ingredients with cardiovascular medications. However, physicians do not reliably elicit a history of herbal use from their patients and may overlook herbal supplements' adverse effects. Although often considered harmless by patients, herbal supplements may cause adverse cardiovascular effect...

In the presented case, we got an herbal medicine in the form of a set of different color pills from local herbal medicinal practitioner. According to the advertisements on monograph, the product contains only herbal ingredients without any adequate declaration of the ingredients and was declared as anti-diabetic formulation. For identification of the ingredients, the pills were analyzed by UV, ...

BACKGROUND Tienchi (Panax notoginseng) has been used in conservative treatments for back pain as a major ingredient of many herbal medicines. This study aims to investigate the effects of a herbal medicine containing tienchi on compressed intervertebral discs in rats. METHODS Using an in vivo rat tail model, intervertebral disc compression was simulated in the caudal 8-9 discs of 25 rats by c...

As a complex system, the complicated interactions between chemical ingredients, as well as the potential rules of interactive associations among chemical ingredients of traditional Chinese herbal formulae are not yet fully understood by modern science. On the other hand, network analysis is emerging as a powerful approach focusing on processing complex interactive data. By employing network app...

Objectives: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Abies webbiana (Wall ex D. Don) Lindl, plants leaves belongs to Pinaceae family are grown in Northern India, Afghanistan, China (Tibet), Nepal, and Pakistan. It is a large tree grows up to 50 m height. Leaves of this plant are useful in Siddha and Ayurveda Systems of Medicine. It acts as an expectorant, carminative, stomachic, and tonic. It i...

In herbal medicinal products the entire herbal drug or an herbal drug preparation is regarded as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, regardless of whether constituents with defined therapeutic activity are known. In quality control and stability testing of herbal medicinal products, fingerprint chromatograms are used as powerful tools to evaluate and compare the composition of compounds in su...

Purpose After reviewing some adverse events, such as cardiovascular disease, regarding the use of ephedra-containing dietary supplements, the Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of ephedra products on April 12, 2004. However, according to standard prescriptions recommended by the Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy in Taiwan, ephedra is still a popular ingredient of many Chinese...