aim : this study evaluated the association between serum endothelin- 1 level and symptoms, clinical examination, laboratory and cardio-respiratory parameters, in patients with cirrhosis compared to controls. background : cirrhosis is associated with significant portal, pulmonary and systemic vascular abnormities. recent studies have suggested that endothelin -1 may have a significant role in th...

BACKGROUND Hepatopulmonary syndrome is reported to occur in 4% to 32% of the patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with poor liver function and shortened patient survival before and after liver transplantation. AIMS To assess the frequency of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Brazilian patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and to investigate its impact on patient surviva...

The wide spectrum of pulmonary vascular disorders in liver disease and portal hypertension ranges from the hepatopulmonary syndrome characterized by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, to pulmonary hypertension (portopulmonary hypertension), in which pulmonary vascular resistance is elevated. Since hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension have been reported in patients with non...

PURPOSE To evaluate surfactant protein A levels in an hepatopulmonary syndrome rat model. To date, there have been no studies aimed at evaluating surfactant levels in the setting of cirrhosis or hepatopulmonary syndrome. METHODS A total of 35 rats were divided into control, sham, and experimental HPS groups. We evaluated surfactant protein A levels in rats and the experimental model designed ...

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is potentially a life-saving therapeutic intervention for patients with portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. However, due to limited data, listing criteria for patients with these conditions have not been clearly established. Indeed, this has led some to speculate that transplantation may not be appropriate in cases of moderate-to-severe por...

The hepatopulmonary syndrome has been defined as chronic liver disease accompanied by abnormal pulmonary gas exchange, which might result in arterial deoxygenation, and widespread intrapulmonary vasodilation. Although it has been pointed out that hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs in liver cirrhosis, there are a few studies in the literature reporting noncirrhotic portal hypertension as a cause of...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is a serious complication of liver disease. Type I hepatopulmonary syndrome is associated with diffuse dilatation of the pulmonary vasculature, leading to severe hypoxemia. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for this condition. There are limited options for those who are not candidates for liver transplantation. We present the case of a patient who present...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome is an uncommon complication of nonacute liver failure, and in rare cases, hypoxia may be the presenting sign of liver dysfunction. The condition, once thought to be a contraindication, is improved in most cases by transplantation. There is a significant risk of postoperative, hypoxia-related morbidity and mortality in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome. We present a...

The hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized as the triad of liver disease, pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities leading to arterial deoxygenation and evidence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations. This review summarizes the pathological mechanisms leading to pulmonary vascular changes in hepatopulmonary syndrome. The role of the three currently used diagnostic imaging modalities of contrast...

The hypoxaemia of hepatopulmonary syndrome, seen in severe chronic liver dysfunction, occurs as a result of precapillary pulmonary arterial dilatation and arteriovenous communications. These abnormalities contribute to the mismatch between ventilation and perfusion, and the right to left blood flow shunting. Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful vasodilator concerned with the regulation of pulmonary ...