objective: crocin, the carotenoid isolated from saffron, has numerous medicinal properties which include anticancer and antioxidant activities. some antioxidants, such as carotenoids, can act as pro-oxidants at higher dosages and therefore induce tissue damage. in this situation antioxidant defense systems in the liver activate to prevent tissue damage. this study investigates the possible toxi...

acute liver failure (alf) is an uncommon, devastating syndrome of which over 2000 cases occur annually in the usa, with a mortality rate of about 80%. alf is de_ned by the sudden onset of hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy (inr_1.5) in an otherwise healthy person. the most common etiologies are acute viral hepatitis a and b, medication overdose (e.g., acetaminophen) and idiosyncratic drug ...

objective(s): nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. in this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.  materials a...

Paracetamol (acetaminophen, PCM) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Intake of a large dose of PCM may result in severe hepatic necrosis. Oxidative stress is mediated by oxidative capacities of the PCM metabolite (N-acetyl-para-benzo quinoneimine, NAPQI), which covalently binds to proteins and other macromolecules to cause cellular damage. At low doses, NAPQI is ...

paracetamol (acetaminophen, pcm) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. intake of a large dose of pcm may result in severe hepatic necrosis. oxidative stress is mediated by oxidative capacities of the pcm metabolite (n-acetyl-para-benzo quinoneimine, napqi), which covalently binds to proteins and other macromolecules to cause cellular damage. at low doses, napqi is co...

This study evaluated the incidence of hepatic toxicity after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) using 3 fractions to the liver, and identified the predictors for hepatic toxicity. We retrospectively reviewed 78 patients with primary and metastatic liver cancers, who underwent SABR using 3 fractions between 2003 and 2011. To examine the incidence of hepatic toxicity, we defined newly deve...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and identify the treatment-related risk factors of hepatic toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and four HCC patients treated with CyberKnife SBRT were included in this study between August 2009 and December 2012. The average dose of prescribed radiation...

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and it is the main organ for the metabolism and detoxification of drugs and environmental chemicals (Klaassen, 2007). Other main functions of the liver include glucose storage and synthesis, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and bile formation. Anatomically, the liver lies slightly below the ...

Objective(s): The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of genetic polymorphism and plasma methotrexate (MTX) levels, toxicity experience and event free survival (EFS) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Materials and Methods: The study included 74 ALL patients. Polymerase chain reaction and genotyping of methy...

Polycarbonate photodegradation products, namely nanoplastics and molecular by-products, are formed in a single step. Studying their effects suitable hepatic model proves that both components induce toxicity toward hepatocellular functions.