since its birth in ancient greece, tragedy as an important dramatic form has always attracted the attention of those who have a tragic sense of life. although many scholars of tragedy put forward a bleak view regarding the possibility for the continuance of tragedy in modern times, two great dramatists, henrik ibsen and anton chekhov, showed that tragedy can still be created in modern times pro...

From ancient times until the nineteenth century, loyalty, trust, understanding, forbearance, and empathy were only some of merits one expected to find as foundation true friendship in Western culture. For instance, Aristotle insists that must be “reciprocal” “must involve a wish for good loved an end itself”. Any based on personal gains, whether tangible or not, would have been dismissed false ...

Pursuing medicine means to a large extent pursuing medical science. A medical career also includes a substantial amount of writing, particularly for those who enter academia. Apart from science, during their professional lifetimes medical people are exposed to thousands of life stories, into which they, by necessity, intrude. Dealing with individual illnesses, and thus patients’ bodies, brings ...

anton pavlovich chekhov is a russian writer and playwright with considerable contribution in the expansion of world literature including iran. many theater critics and directors believe that akbar radi was influenced by anton chekhov's works, and by using chekhov's achievements and expanding them he has written his own unique and noble plays. this study investigates general properties...

Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen and the Ukranian writer LesiaUkrainka have some common themes in their dramas, to name a few – emphasis is placed on the conflict between the individual and society as well as the place of the artist in society. This paper makes an attempt to compare and contrast the traits found in their heroines in a feminist perspective.

Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) dealt in many of his short stories and plays with various phenomena as encountered in everyday medical practice in late 19th century Russia. In A Case History (1898) Chekhov illustrates the physician’s many positions in relation to his patient. According to Mikhail Bakhtin’s philosophy of language, a speaker occupies a certain position from which he or she addresses th...