In cancer chemotherapy, it is important to design treatment strategies that ensure a desired rate of tumor cell kill without unacceptable toxicity. To optimize treatment, we used a mathematical model describing the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs, antitumor efficacy, and drug toxicity. This model was associated with constraints on the allowed drug concentrations and amounts, neutropenia, t...

Primaquine is an important antimalarial agent because of its activity against exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium spp. Methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia, however, are dose-limiting side effects of primaquine therapy. These hemotoxic effects are believed to be mediated by metabolites, although the identity of the toxic specie(s) and the mechanism underlying hemotoxicity have remained unclea...

We conducted a retrospective comparison of the hemotoxicity of the sequential administration of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) prior to Nedaplatin (NDP) (FN therapy) and that of its reverse sequence (NF therapy) for gynecological malignancy. From February 2002 to November 2004, a total of 15 gynecological malignancy patients were treated with radiation therapy combined with NDP and 5-FU. Of these 15 pat...

In order to provide tools for investigations of amphotericin B ion channels, new conjugates bearing a calix[4]arene scaffold covalently linked to four amphotericin B molecules were synthesized. These macromolecules adopt a cone conformation that mimics the structure of a transmembrane pore. The antifungal activity of the conjugates 3 and 4 was superior or similar to that of native amphotericin ...

Carbon nanotubes may enter into the bloodstream and interact with blood components indirectly via translocation following unintended exposure or directly after an intended administration for biomedical purposes. Once introduced into systemic circulation, nanotubes will encounter various proteins, biomolecules or cells which have specific roles in the homeostasis of the circulatory system. It is...

We report the synthesis of new biobased polymers derived from itaconic acid with excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and very low hemotoxicity.

Favism is an acute hemolytic anemia known to occur in susceptible individuals who ingest fava beans. Susceptibility to favism is conferred by a genetic deficiency in erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. Although the fava bean pyrimidine aglycones, divicine and isouramil, have been implicated in the onset of favism in humans, the lack of a well-defined experimental ani...

Developing new easy-to-prepare functional drug delivery nanosystems with good storage stability, low hemotoxicity, as well controllable property, has attracted great attention in recent years. In this work, a cholesterol-based prodrug nanodelivery system is prepared by self-assembly of cholesterol-doxorubicin conjugates (Chol-Dox) and tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) using thin-f...

Primaquine is an important antimalarial agent because of its activity against exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium spp. However, methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia are dose-limiting side effects of primaquine therapy that limit its efficacy. These hemotoxicities are thought to be mediated by metabolites; however, the identity of the toxic species has remained unclear. Since N-hydroxy metabol...

background: this study was performed to investigate the adverse effects of acute lead intoxication on hemogram, erythrocyte osmotic fragility and oxidant/antioxidant status and the probable ameliorating effect of silymarin in comparison to d-penicillamine. methods: forty-eight albino rats were divided in 8 groups and received the following treatments in a 10 day experiment in shahid chamran uni...