Clostridium botulinum serotype A produces a neurotoxin composed of a 100-kDa heavy chain and a 50-kDa light chain linked by a disulfide bond. This neurotoxin is part of a ca. 900-kDa complex, formed by noncovalent association with a single nontoxin, nonhemagglutinin subunit and a family of hemagglutinating proteins. Previous work has suggested, although never conclusively demonstrated, that neu...

Purified type A influenza viral hemagglutinin stimulates an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic cell response that exhibits a high degree of specificity for the immunizing hemagglutinin. The response magnitude is proportional to the hemagglutinin dose used for stimulation. The lytic activity of the effector cells is H-2 restricted. Analysis of the specificity of the response indicated that these c...

A number of experiments were performed on the adsorption of influenza hemagglutinins on chicken red blood cells, from which the following conclusions were drawn:- 1. When chicken red blood cells and preparations of influenza viruses were mixed together, the influenza hemagglutinins present were rapidly adsorbed onto the cells. After varying lengths of time, dependent on the conditions of the ex...

BACKGROUND The term dangerous universal blood donor refers to potential agglutination of the erythrocytes of non-O recipients due to plasma of an O blood group donor, which contains high titers of anti-A and/or anti-B hemagglutinins. Thus, prior titration of anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins is recommended to prevent transfusion reactions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the fr...

Recently, a new class of broadly neutralizing anti-influenza virus antibodies that target the stalk domain of the viral hemagglutinin was discovered. As such, induction, isolation, characterization, and quantification of these novel antibodies has become an area of intense research and great interest. Since most of these antibodies bind to conformational epitopes, the structural integrity of he...

Hemagglutinins of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus were produced in tissue cultures, and the infective virus was rendered nonviable by exposure to gamma radiation.

Noninfectious hemagglutinins were prepared from the allantoic fluids of embryonated chicken eggs infected with Sindbis virus or with Murray Valley encephalitis virus.

The influenza hemagglutinins are viral coat glycoproteins that facilitate viral binding to the host cell wall; as a result, the virulence of any strain of flu depends significantly on how well the hemagglutinin of that strain promotes that binding. Characterizing the evolution of the hemagglutinins is thus fundamental to predicting the virulence of the virus. Here, I describe a linear regressio...

Vi antibody response of rabbits varied depending on whether Vi antigen was administered in particulate or soluble state. Vi antigen in particulate form induced hemagglutinins, bacterial agglutinins, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibodies, whereas soluble Vi antigen induced only hemagglutinins. Guinea pigs passively sensitized with antisera against particulate Vi antigen gave PCA rea...