â â€œshodan” is a multifunctional verb in persian language. this paper deals with six different functions of “shodan” based on a purely formal approach. these functions are as follows: liking verb, light verb in some compound predicates, auxiliary verb, helping verb in passive voice, modal verb, and simple verb. the interface between lexicon and syntax, and the ways to show this relations...

This study attempted to investigate writing problems and the relationship between expert-assessment and self-assessment of writing problems. Participants were thirty four non-English faculty members of Tehran and Guilan universities. The instruments were writing an essay on the topic "What teaching strategies do you use in your classes?" in twenty five lines and filling the questionnaire of wri...

only two voices have been represented in italian grammar. if we look at the passive constructions from a pragmatic point of view, it can be seen as a language strategy being classified as an event. this change of perspective creates different structures. in this article we shall study a speaker’s change of perspective in attention to the valence theory. according to this theory, a verb on the b...

Our research is motivated by the observation that NLP systems frequently mislabel passive voice verb phrases as being in the active voice when there is no auxiliary verb (e.g., “The man arrested had a long record”). These errors directly impact thematic role recognition and NLP applications that depend on it. We present a learned classifier that can accurately identify reduced passive voice con...

the definition and typological description of the category of voice can be provided in two ways: i) at the level of semantic arguments (or semantic roles), ii) at the level of grammatical relations (or syntactic functions). the most important theoretical concept that is determined in terms of these two levels of representations and enables one to capture the rich variety of voices is that of di...

This study analyses specific written discourse productio n in which NNSs’ usage of E nglish tenses and voice appears to be dramatically different from that of NSs. The data for the study narrowly focuses on a small number of verb phrase features, such as tenses, aspects and the passive voice, examining how they are presented in writing instruction texts and identifying areas of L2 learning in n...

in recent decades, research on the processing of grammatical structures in different languages has played a crucial role in psychological and linguistic studies. the present research aims to examine the extent to which arabic- and chinese-speaking learners apply passive voice and aspect in complement clauses in their pieces of writing. to that end, syntactic and pragmatic criteria of applying a...