background and aims: to obtain maximum advantages from orthodontic fixed appliances and to achieve the desired final occlusion, correct bracket positioning is highly necessary. in order to measure and determine bracket’s height, diverse gauges have been used. the objective of the present study is to determine and compare bracket positioning accuracy by using height bracket positioning gauge (hb...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diverse gauges have been used to measure and determine bracket height for correct bracket positioning. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare bracket positioning accuracy by using height bracket positioning gauge (HBPG) and Boone gauge (BG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen sets of stone models were prepared from one patient. One set was employed to de-ter...

The accuracy of brackets placement is a key factor in successful orthodontic therapy. An in vitro study was conducted in ten models from a natural maxillary teeth model in order to compare the accuracy of brackets placement between two direct bonding instruments: the pole-like Bracket Positioning Gauge and the star-like Bracket Positioning Gauge. Our results have shown that: the star-like Brack...

Orthodontists have used a variety of hand-held dental instruments to position the brackets for direct bonding. A number of instruments, including the Boone and Dougherty gauges, have been used for accurate positioning of brackets in direct bonding. Although position adjustments can be made with such an instrument, the bracket can easily slip when the instrument is removed. Indirect bonding may ...

In orthodontics bracket positioning is the key to good results beside good diagnosis and treatment planning. All the advocates of different appliance system laid stress on proper positioning of brackets Accurate bracket placement is very important since it affects torque, tip, in/out , vertical positioning and rotation. The purpose of this article is to review the work of notable orthodontists ...

JCO/DECEMBER 2005 T lingual technique is considered to be one of the most difficult, requiring extended treatment times and often achieving less-than-satisfactory results. Firstand third-order tooth movements are complicated by the variable lingual tooth anatomy.1 Torque control is also more problematic; with the reduced interbracket distance, even small variations in bracket height can have a ...

We investigate the symmetry algebra of the recently proposed field theory on a doubled torus that describes closed string modes on a torus with both momentum and winding. The gauge parameters are constrained fields on the doubled space and transform as vectors under Tduality. The gauge algebra defines a T-duality covariant bracket. For the case in which the parameters and fields are T-dual to o...