this study examines the effects of change in the concentrations of monovalent and divalent ions in the polymer-contained surfactant solution on the macroscopic behavior of viscous-modified surfactant waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs. salts that are used in this set of floods were sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride. the results indicate that four different ranges of s...

in present study, molecular dynamics simulation of cadmium (ii), lead (ii) and copper (ii) removal from aqueous electrolyte solutions using the ion-exchange process with the zeolite particles was done. the results showed that, most of the particles had the highest affinity of ion exchanging with lead (ii) and the lowest affinity with copper (ii). the calculated mean ion-exchange ratios showed t...

co-precipitation procedure was applied in order to obtain different kinds of magnetic nanoadsobents for the removal of pb(ii) and cu(ii) toxic metal ions from wastewater samples. prepared nanoadsorbents were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), x-ray diffractometer (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and thermogravimetric analysis (tga). the average sizes of t...

carbon nanotubes (cnts) are a novel material that exhibits good adsorption behavior toward various toxic pollutants in aqueous solution. these adsorbents have a fast adsorption rate and high adsorption efficiency, efficient to remove various pollutants and they are easy to recover and reuse. these features highlight the suitability of cnts for the treatment of water polluted with heavy metal io...

the feasibility of kaolinite used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pb(ii), zn(ii) and cu(ii) from aqueous solutions was investigated. during the removal process, batch technique was used, and the effects of heavy metal concentration and contact time on adsorption efficiency at ph of 4.5, under a constant temperature of 20?1 ?c were studied. the experimental results were analyzed using...

background: the fatal effect of ionizing radiation on cells depends on linear energy transfer (let) level. the distribution of ionizing radiation is sparse and homogeneous for low let radiations such as x or γ, but it is dense and concentrated for high let radiation such as heavy-ions radiation. material and methods: chinese hamster ovary cells (cho-k1) were exposed to 4 gy fe-ion 2000 kev/m. ...

Background: The fatal effect of ionizing radiation on cells depends on Linear Energy Transfer (LET) level. The distribution of ionizing radiation is sparse and homogeneous for low LET radiations such as X or γ, but it is dense and concentrated for high LET radiation such as heavy-ions radiation. Material and Methods: Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) were exposed to 4 Gy Fe-ion 2000 keV/...

introduction: heavy ions are nucleus of elements of iron, argon, carbon and neon that all carry positive electrical charges. for these particles to be useful in radiotherapy they need to accelerated to high energy by more than thousand mega volts. also the cosmic environment is considered to be a complicated mixture of highly energetic photons and heavy ions such as iron. therefore, the health ...