this paper aims to study and formulate the field of literature in iran during 1921 and 1941. for this purpose, the authors have focused on two key writers of this period, mohammad hejazi and sadegh hedayat. analyzing the social positions, habitus and literary works of these writers can help us to have a clear picture of the mentioned period. it also can show dominant poles in the literary field...

Alfred J. Lotka, considered as one of the founders of mathematical demography, wrote seminal articles and books from 1907 to his death in 1949. He elaborated in particular the concepts of stable age-distribution of a population and of natural rate of increase of a population. His scientific work is extensive and various: he wrote on malaria epidemiology, on population forecasts, on sterility in...

The themes that emerge from these rich narratives by surgeons are familiar ones in the experiences of diverse health care providers. Questions about and difficulties with communication and with informed consent are common and troubling. Uncertainty was also a prevalent theme in these stories, uncertainty about the right thing to do or say and about how to treat the patients and families the sur...

like volter, french salient author, al- jahiz is a philosopher literate; namely, literary dimension of his personality predominates over his philosophical character. like other great literati and writer of the world, he was a master in all sciences and knowledge of his age including philosophy, speech, politics, and a verity of customs, beliefs and religions and in some of them he was skillful ...

muhammad ibn hamed isfahani more popularly known as imad ad-din al-isfahani was a persian historian, scholar, and rhetorician. he left a valuable anthology of arabic poetry to accompany his many historical works. and worked as a man of letters during the zengid and ayyubid period. he was born in isfahan in the year 1125, and studied at the nizamiyya school in baghdad. he graduated into the bure...