this study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, degradability and nutritive value of madder, rubia tinctorum l.  and alfalfa medicago sativa. using in vitro and in situ measurements. the mean values for om, cp, ndf, adf and ee were 892.5, 172.0, 306.5, 219.4 and 16.0 g/kg dm for madder hay, and 921.3, 141.4, 482.0, 361.1 and 6.50 g/kg dm for alfalfa hay, respectiv...

Our knowledge of the pathology of hay fever, and of the neuroses that frequently complicate it, has of late years become more exact and scientific, and consequently the treatment of these affections has been placed on a more rational basis with great advantage to the sufferers. Most cases may be partially, and many completely relieved, while a fair proportion may be altogether cured ; it is imp...

Ruminants prefer hay cut in the afternoon to hay cut in themorning, presumably because hay cut in the afternoon contains higher concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates than hay cut in the morning. We determined if adding sugars (glucose and sucrose) to ground hay would account for differences in preference and affect intake of hay. Alfalfa hay cut either in the afternoon (PM) or the foll...

Net release of degraded N as NH3 and total AA plus microbial protein synthesis, quantified from incorporation of 15NH3 into microbial protein, was used to estimate the rate and extent of in vitro degradation of protein fractions isolated from alfalfa hay and silage. Seven proteins (casein, alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, extracts from alfalfa hay and silage, and residues from alfalfa hay and silag...

This study was carried out to compare in situ and in vitro enzyme techniques for determining estimates of forage escape proteins. Eight forages (vetch hay, wheat silage, corn silage, wheat hay, grass hay, lentil straw, triticale hay and alfalfa hay) were used as feed materials. During 70 h, incubation with enzyme method had similar escape protein values for vetch hay, wheat hay, grass hay, trit...

Grass hay exports are an important sector of the agriculture of the irrigated Sonoran Desert. These grass hays are exported to the Orient from West Coast ports. Bermudagrass, kleingrass, and sudangrass are the grass hay crops that are exported. The grading standards for these grass hay exports are quite variable and very subjective. Some of the primary determinants of export hay grades are colo...

this study was conducted to evaluate consumption inputs, production costs, nutrient composition and performance in production of alfalfa hay and alfalfa silage. therefore, data on alfalfa hay production were collected from 75 farms in zanjan province, using a face to face questionnaire in the year 2012. a systematic random sampling method was used. then, two farms managed by silage harvesting s...

A demonstration was conducted to examine the stored forage yield and stored forage quality of two different hay forage management systems. The forage management systems were a hay harvest only system or a complimentary hayround bale silage harvest system. The hay system harvested bermudagrass forage as hay during the summer when weather conditions allowed, the complimentary system harvested ber...

Yield monitoring is one of the most important operations for efficient management of agricultural fields. One of the common methods used to monitor hay yield variability is to monitor the hay mass flow rate inside the baler chamber during hay baling process.Therefore, this study on a 10 ha field was conducted to investigate the performance of a hay mass flow monitoring system mounted on a large...