AIM To compare the efficacy of irrigation protocols on the removal of triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline) (TAP) from artificial grooves in root canals. METHODOLOGY Root canals in 72 extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper rotary instruments up to size F5. The roots were split longitudinally and a standardized groove was prepared in the api...

Research into root system morphology over the last two centuries has developed a diverse set of terminologies that are difficult to apply consistently across species and research specialties. In response to a need for better communication, a workshop held by the International Society for Root Research established some nomenclature standards for root research. These standards and their justifica...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies of the plasticity of functional root traits involved in resource acquisition have focused mainly on root length without considering such 'morphological components' as biomass allocation, specific root length, root fineness, and tissue density that affect root length. The plasticity of the above components in response to nitrate supply was studied in each root order o...

This study evaluated the bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to root canal dentin after the performance of various irrigation procedures to remove triple antibiotic paste (TAP). A total of 56 single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented using a rotary system to size 40 and divided randomly into a control group (no intracanal dressing) and three experimental groups (T...

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is a critical pasture legume in Mediterranean regions of southern Australia and elsewhere, including Mediterranean-type climatic regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pythium damping-off and root disease caused by Pythium irregulare is a significant threat to subterranean clover in Australia and a study was con...

background and aims. triple antibiotic paste (tap) is widely used in endodontics for root canal disinfection, particularly in regenerative procedures. the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of tap at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week intervals on mature enterococcus faecalis biofilm. materials and methods. a total of 287 extracted one-rooted hu...

Intensive vegetation management alters seedling growth and development in southcm pine plantations. Adequate light, moisture. and nutrients stimulate seedling stem growth and crown development. Thus rapid stem growth could deplete nutrient and energy resources required for aggressive rcot growth. Early root system expansion within the available rooting zone is critical because structural root g...

Plant root hairs are commonly found artifacts in parasitology specimens and may be confused with helminthes by an untrained eye. We report a case of brain tuberculoma where the tissue sample was contaminated with root hair derived from tap water; the presence of this root hair, which mimicked a larva, led to diagnostic confusion. Therefore, tap water should be considered a source of root hair a...