literary and artistic joint works are prepared by two or more authors. it's importance, have increasingly grown today, particularly in academic areas. one of the issues related to these works is the problem of identifying the concept and realization of the joint works in the different legal systems which has similarities and differences. this research is a comparative study in mentioned is...

The Internet architecture of today is the result of a constant evolution during the past 25 years. However, this layering of add-ons, bug fixes and extensions has grown into a tremendously complex and therefore increasingly static platform. On the contrary, a multitude of new challenges related to issues never conceived in the original design, such as security and mobility have grown more and m...

Physician group practices in the U.S. have grown and changed significantly in terms of health professional team composition, employment contract types, ownership type, size, and management in the last 20 years. In the past, physicians were largely selfemployed or part of small practices, however today's physicians are employed by large healthcare organizations, as well as integrated delivery sy...

The international financial system has grown and evolved immensely over the past two decades. In the late 1950's the Eurocurrency market was only beginning to emerge, for all practical purposes there was no Eurobond market, and extensions of commercial credits were limited to the old commercial banking function of short term trade financing. All of that has changed. Total deposits in the Eurodo...

During the past years, crowdsourcing has grown from a number of purpose-built initiatives, such as Wikipedia and Mechanical Turk, to a technique that today that today is used by corporations and academics alike for a plethora of different purposes. While online crowdsourcing is still the most commonly used way of gathering crowd contributions, people are increasingly engaged through mobile devi...

Feedback is an essential component of medical education and adult learning; however, there are several challenges inherent in measuring the feedback directed at medical students. The authors describe the use of a daily e-mail questionnaire to gather information from medical students about the feedback they receive.