The effects of oral administration of a lactococcal strain on physiological changes associated with ageing were investigated using senescence-accelerated mice (SAM). SAM develop normally, but then show an early onset and irreversible advancement of senescence. SAMP6 is a SAM strain that develops osteoporosis with ageing. Oral administration of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61 ...

Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is a common disorder associated with aging. In this study, we investigated the effect of the intake of heat-killed Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61 (strain H61) on AHL in C57BL/6J mice. Measurement of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) demonstrated that female mice at 9 months of age fed a diet containing 0.05% strain H61 for 6 months maintained a signifi...

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 on various skin properties of Japanese women. Volunteers (age 31-62 years) were randomly assigned to receive test food with or without 60 mg of heat-killed strain H61 (fifteen women in each group; H61 and control groups, respectively) daily for 8 weeks. Results were...

In the article Russian and foreign experience of financial planning of budget expenditures is examined. Methodological and methodical approaches of financial planning expenses are examined, clarified, systematized and structured. Special attention is given to approaches to the valuation of government (municipal) services in order to improve the quality of budgeting by identifying the most neede...

Figure S1. Distance mapping of glycosidic linkages of lgt1/4Δ OS using NOE distances as upper restraints. A van-der-Waals distance of 1.8 Å is used as a lower distance restraint which results in some areas that are not accessible (shown in light grey). For composite NOEs—marked with an asterisk (*)—the calculated virtual distance is used as upper restraint and 1.6 Å—the virtual distance when bo...

Contrary to communitarian market criticism institutions relying on money and bidding can strengthen faculties of ‘self-governance’. Securing procedurally egalitarian bidding on the basis of declared monetary evaluations guarantees that all realized changes of a status quo are in an ‘objective’ (pecuniary) sense equally advantageous for all members of the community. We show how to use this idea ...

We consider optimal government debt maturity in a deterministic economy which the can issue any arbitrary structure and bond prices are function of government’s current future primary surpluses. The sequentially chooses policy, taking into account how choices—which impact policy—feed back prices. show that issuing consols constitutes unique stationary portfolio, as it boosts credibility to poli...

Incidence of a “Social VAT” Reform: A French Scenario This paper studies the fiscal incidence of a fiscal reform consisting of a reduction in employers' social insurance contributions financed by a tax based on the value added. In a closed economy with two sectors calibrated thanks to the French National Accounts, a “social VAT” leads to a rise in labor incomes which is usually higher than the ...