Society and the English language afford 'guts' almost independent sentient being status. Long considered the source of courage, 'that took guts'; determination, 'what a gutsy effort'; and instinct or intuition, 'I had a gut feeling', the guts have also been an emotional powerhouse - disappointment is likened to 'being kicked in the guts' and an intense dislike for someone can be summed up by 'I...

Current methods to assess the impact of chemical mixtures on organisms ignore temporal dimension. The General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS) provides a framework deriving toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) models, which account effects toxicant exposure survival in time. Starting from classic assumptions independent action and concentration addition, we derive equations GUTS reduce...

The General Unified Threshold model for Survival (GUTS) integrates previously published toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models and estimates survival with explicitly defined assumptions. Importantly, GUTS accounts for time-variable exposure to the stressor. We performed three studies to test the ability of GUTS to predict survival of aquatic organisms across different pesticide exposure patterns, t...

“Sport Guts” in Japanese anime developed not only to strengthen mentality but also to challenge for objectives. This paper helps to understand the development of Japanese girl anime, and its philosophical concepts of Japanese amine. This paper focuses on girls’ sport anime “Sport Guts,”, which is the major philosophy of Japanese girl anime and centers on a girl who is enthusiastic about volleyb...

Arthropods living on plants are able to digest plant biomass with the help of microbial flora in their guts. This study considered three arthropods from different niches - termites, pill-bugs and yellow stem-borers - and screened their guts for cellulase producing microbes. Among 42 unique cellulase-producing strains, 50% belonged to Bacillaceae, 26% belonged to Enterobacteriaceae, 17% belonged...