in the last decade, decrease of the wear rate, increase in the axel load, and the velocity of the trains have changed the main damage mechanism of railway wheels from wear to rolling contact fatigue (rcf). rcf may lead to surface and subsurface cracks. the interaction between wear and rcf, removes the surface cracks, but the subsurface crack propagate gradually, and may lead to deeper and more ...

Conventional wisdom attributes the severity of mortality in poorer countries to widespread poverty and inadequate living conditions. This paper considers the possibility that persistent poverty may arise, in turn, from a high incidence of mortality. Endogenous mortality risk is introduced in a two-period overlapping generations model: probability of survival from the ̄rst period to the next dep...

How di erent cell types can produce di erent shapes is a fundamental question in cell biology. As a relatively simple eukaryotic single-cell organism that is easy to control and manipulate, ssion yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) became one of the most intensely studied model systems of single-cell morphogenesis. Fission yeast cells have an elongated, rod-like shape with a highly reproducible d...

The mean and the life-limiting behavior under fatigue of the nickel-based superalloy, IN100, separated (or converged) as a function of stress level and dwell loading. This behavior was related to the control of the life-limiting behavior by the smallcrack growth regime, producing its much slower response to stress level and dwell-time, relative to the mean-lifetime behavior. The lifetime probab...

Comparison of the theory of Rabi oscillations with experiment [M. Wilczewski and M. Czachor, Phys. Rev. A 79, 033836 (2009)] suggests that cavity lifetime parameters obtained in measurements with many photons may be much smaller than those applicable to almost vacuum states of light. In this context, we show that the conclusion remains unchanged even if one takes a more realistic description of...