The cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer is a highly complex regulatory region containing multiple elements that interact with a variety of host-encoded transcription factors. Many of these sequence elements are conserved among the different species strains of CMV, although the arrangement of the various elements and overall sequence composition of the CMV enhancers differ remarkably. To delineate th...

In eukaryotic cells, gene expression is mediated by enhancer activation of RNA polymerase at distant promoters. Recently, distinctions between enhancers and promoters have been blurred by the discovery that enhancers are associated with RNA polymerase and are sites of RNA synthesis. Here, we present an analysis of the insulin-like growth factor 2/H19 muscle enhancer. This enhancer includes a sh...

The transcription of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early (IE) genes is regulated by a large and complex enhancer containing an array of binding sites for a variety of cellular transcription factors. Previously, using bacterial artificial chromosome recombinants of the virus genome, it was reported that the enhancer region of murine CMV (MCMV) is dispensable but performs a key function for vir...

A segment comprising the transcriptional enhancer elements was deleted from a recombinant plasmid carrying the simian virus 40 genome. The mutated viral chromosome was excised from the plasmid and propagated through several cycles of growth in monkey kidney cells. A variant was obtained that carried reiterations of sequences that span both sides of the deleted enhancer region. The mutant virus,...

there have been numerous efforts to formulate insulin into an oral dosage form. the major problems involved with the oral administration of insulin are acidic and enzymatic decomposition by the gastric medium, and poor absorption in the small intestine due to its macromolecular structure. this study attempted to test the enhancing ability of two absorption enhancers, sodium glycocholate (na-gc)...

In pig production, the terms "growth promoter", "performance enhancer", and "digestive enhancer" include a diverse range of products ranging from simple chemicals (copper salts) to chemically produced antibacterial compounds (carbadox) to antibiotics (tylosin, avilamycin, salinomycin, virginiamycin). Most of the antibiotic group are produced during a fermentation process by yeasts, moulds, and ...

Product % Label Rate Active ingredient Paclobutrazol ounces/1,000 sq.ft . Paclobutrazol/Acre Andersons TGR (Turf Growth Regulator) and Turf Enhancer formulations are effective tools for reducing existing Poa annua in turf Paclobutrazol, the active ingredient in TGR and Turf Enhancer, is a root-absorbed gibberillic acid inhibitor. Since paclobutrazol is a growth regulator, you will see a differe...

The role of NF-kappaB in regulating human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and gene transcription remains controversial. Multiple, functional NF-kappaB response elements exist in the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) enhancer of HCMV, suggesting a possible requirement for this transcription factor in lytic viral replication. Here we demonstrate by generating and analyzing HCMVs with alter...

The 5'-flanking sequence of the human prothrombin gene was isolated by screening a human liver phage library with a human prothrombin cDNA as a hybridization probe. A phage was identified that contained 3 kilobase pairs of DNA upstream of the initiator methionine codon. Primer extension studies showed that the major transcription initiation sites were located 23 and 36 base pairs upstream of th...