ABSTRACT This essay discusses participative governance mechanisms in the public sector grounded on theories of civil liberties, dialogical democracies, patterns state bureaucracies, and reforms. We aimed to analyze effects these issues political agendas alternatives Brazil, emphasizing conflicts among rulers, politicians, servants, interest groups, advocacy coalitions dispute decision-making pr...

This essay examines the evolution of both institutions and economists' thinking on institutions during transition. Early in transition, institutions were virtually ignored in the majority of normative prescriptions, but were central in the evolutionary-institutional approach. Later, after events influenced intellectual developments, institutions were at the center of analysis. Growth is strongl...

Many individuals, organizations and countries have become involved in fighting corruption and safeguarding integrity. Among the examples are governmental institutions at all geographic levels as well as business corporations and integrity watchdogs (e.g. Transparency International, national Independent Anti Corruption Commissions). Many policy instruments and institutions to promote integrity h...

BACKGROUND The United States (US) Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of Naval Research negotiate institutional rates for payments of overhead costs associated with administration and space usage, commonly known as indirect rates. Such payments account for a large proportion of spending by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Little has been published about differences in...

by RIChARd KENdALL One of the most difficult obstacles to the adoption of social policies is the idea that governmental action is destined to fail. Because fallible individuals create and run governmental institutions, institutional action is bound to be fallible as well. Those who follow this logic tell us that, at best, public policy can ameliorate social problems. In their view, ills such as...

accreditation, as an approach to quality assurance and improvement, has a hundred-year history in the united states. other countries have started to establish such systems in the past twenty years. recently, we have witnessed numerous discussions and some practical steps toward establishing accreditation systems in iran. a major practical challenge for such newer accreditation systems is that a...