background: based on classical two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory, in the follicle, follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) put on their main effects on the granulosa and theca cells. lh is essential for androgens production. androgens are used for estradiol production by granulosa cells. profound suppression of lh concentrations in some normogonadotropic patients can cau...

objective: to compare the pregnancy outcomes achieved by in vitro fertilization (ivf) between minimal stimulation and conventional antagonist protocols in poor ovarian responders (pors). materials and methods: in this randomized controlled trial, 77 pors undergoing ivf were selected and divided into two groups. first group was the minimal stimulation group (n = 42) receiving 100 mg/day clomiphe...

AIM To determine whether minimal stimulation with clomiphene and gonadotropin provides outcomes and direct costs comparable with those of a conventional GnRHa-gonadotropin stimulation protocol for infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. METHODS A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted from 1 July 1996 to 31 March 2003 at the Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Unit, Ramat...

Background To compare two different gonadotropin preparations, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), combined with clomiphene citrate (CC) in women with unexplained infertility undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). MaterialsAndMethods In this prospective clinical trial, couples prepared for IUI cycles were randomly allocated to two groups...

Background Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of clomiphene citrate (CC) vs. letrozole (L) plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol in poor prognosis women with previous failed ovarian stimulation undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). MaterialsAndMethods This retrospective cohort study included cycles with C...

background: poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation is one of the most important interest points in assisted reproduction. mild ovarian stimulation seems to be preferable to high dose of fsh regimens in women with a history of poor ovarian response in previous protocol. clomiphene citrate and letrozole alone or in combination with fsh have been used in mild ovarian stimulation p...

BACKGROUNDS In vitro fertilization involves high dosage gonadotropin stimulation, which apparently has some negative impact on follicular endocrine function. As chorionic gonadotropin stimulation has been shown to increase the blood-follicular permeability in animal models, this raises the question if such an effect also applies to gonadotropins in humans, possibly affecting the endocrine folli...

Gonadotropins are routinely administered to produce multiple oocytes for clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, laboratory research, and livestock industries. Studies in mice have shown gonadotropin stimulation using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) affects the endometrium, implantation, and fetal development. Evidence from clinical studies also indicates that stimulation with reco...

background: our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of clomiphene citrate (cc) vs. letrozole (l) plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hmg) in gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) antagonist protocol in poor prognosis women with previous failed ovarian stimulation undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi). materials and methods: this retrospective cohort study included cycles wi...

PCOS is still a problem in gynecology and infertility. Especially in ART the problem of PCOS patients is bigger and more highlighted. These patients are prone to over and under stimulation. Strategies to overcome hyper stimulation are: use of metformin, ovarian drilling, use of minimal stimulation, suppressing LH with use of OCP or GnRh analogues, use of GnRh antagonist in COH. But none of thes...