iodine is a trace element in the human body, its only known function is the synthesis of thyroid hormones. effects of iodine deficiency, termed iodine deficiency disorders (idd), include endemic goiter, hypothyroidism, cretinism, decreased fertility rate, increased infant mortality and mental retardation. 2.2 billion people worldwide are at risk for idd. of these, 30-70% have goiter and 1-10% h...

the objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of histologic thyroids lesions and the respective thyroid hormones changes of ewes in an endemic goiter region and to find out any impact of this condition on the fetal thyroid structures and serum thyroid hormones. in the present study a total number of 100 pregnant ewes and their fetuses slaughtered at slaughterhouse were ...

Importance of iodine and selenium in thyroid metabolism is well known, but the roles of other essential trace elements including copper, zinc, manganese and iron on thyroid hormone homeostasis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of those trace elements in benign thyroid diseases and evaluate possible links between trace element concentrations and thyroid hormones...

Goiter is a swelling or an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. This gland causes lump in front region neck. Usually goiter harmless. But certain cases, it can cause some symptoms depending upon size and location enlargement. The butterfly shaped situated just below Adam’s apple It about 2 inches long. secretes hormones T3 T4. These regulate our metabolism way body uses energy. They also ...

A normal thyroid gland is difficult to distinguish from the surrounding tissues. Its enlargement, referred as goiter, most often found in newborn kids, less adult animals. Feeding errors, such incorrect iodine content ration or presence of goitrogens, may contribute its formation. The occurrence goiter also have a genetic basis. Mutation within TG gene leads abnormal synthesis thyroglobulin – p...

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of histologic thyroids lesions and the respective thyroid hormones changes of ewes in an endemic goiter region and to find out any impact of this condition on the fetal thyroid structures and serum thyroid hormones. In the present study a total number of 100 pregnant ewes and their fetuses slaughtered at slaughterhouse were...

Dyshormonogenetic goiter is a rare cause of congenital hypothyroidism occurring due to a lack of enzymes necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. It is morphologically characterized by architectural and cellular pleomorphism that may mimic thyroid malignancy and cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. We report a new case occurring in a 37-year-old male with history of hypothyroid...

Hyperthyroidism is an excessive concentration of thyroid hormones in tissues caused by increased synthesis of thyroid hormones, excessive release of preformed thyroid hormones, or an endogenous or exogenous extrathyroidal source. The most common causes of an excessive production of thyroid hormones are Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma. The most common cause of an exc...

Congenital defects in thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis in animals have proven to be useful models for the study of Tg synthesis and regulation. Defects in Tg synthesis have been well described in Afrikander cattle, Australia Merino sheep, and goats in The Netherlands. This report describes a study of goiter in a nondomesticated bovine species, bongo antelope (Tragelaphus eurycerus), an African bovi...