from the time that civil engineers have used steel in building structures, they tried to increase its strength so as to produce more economic and lighter structures by using more elegant sections. increase of steel strength is not always useful for all members of a steel structure. in some members under certain conditions, it is needed to reduce the strength as much as possible to improve the b...

the knee bracing steel frame (kbf) is a new type of energy dissipating frame which enjoys exceptional ductility and lateral stiffness. rather than the beam-column joint, one end of the diagonal brace in kbf is attached to the knee element. indeed, the knee element as a hysteretic damper is designed and detailed to behave like a structural fuse by sustaining controlled inelastic deformations as ...

The knee bracing steel frame (KBF) is a new type of energy dissipating frame which enjoys exceptional ductility and lateral stiffness. Rather than the beam-column joint, one end of the diagonal brace in KBF is attached to the knee element. Indeed, the knee element as a hysteretic damper is designed and detailed to behave like a structural fuse by sustaining controlled inelastic deformations as ...

Fibres are generally used as resistance of cracking and strengthening of concrete. In this project, I am going to carry out test on steel fibre reinforced concrete to check the influence of fibres on flexural strength of concrete. According to various research papers, it has been found that steel fibres give the maximum strength in comparison to glass and polypropylene fibres. Hence, in this pr...

For the development of any modern economy, steel is crucial and is considered to be the backbone of human civilisation. The domestic steel industries are facing new challenges. Some of these relate to the trade barriers in the developed markets and certain structural problems due to the high cost of commissioning new projects. Thermo Mechanically Treated (TMT) steel bars are presently used for ...

v practice and, whilst going at a gallop, dropped his weapon. The horse stepped on the butt end and the point flew up, penetrated his saddle wallet and entered his abdomen just above the pubes, the weapon breaking off about eighteen inches down. The broken shaft and steel portion was withdrawn from abdomen, and the patient sent in to hospital at once. An hour after the accident his condition wa...

Surface quality of the steel slabs in a Continuous Casting (C.C.) process is mainly determined by the stability of the Mold Level Control (MLC). Excessive mold level fluctuations lead to an additional machine scarfing process which is applied to the slabs to avoid surface defects. A conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is not robust enough to deal with the disturbances...

This paper presents an analysis of the use of iron and steel in the UK and explores how much of the iron and steel is recycled when it becomes obsolete after use. The first part of this paper series investigated production and consumption trends of iron and steel in the UK, whereas this paper focuses on scrap generation and recycling. Information on the amounts of iron and steel going into diff...

The increasing steel price makes a tool with a high quality algorithm to reduce steel beam waste more important. The cut-optimization of stored steel beams is a classical cut-optimization problem with one exception, because beams are stored in several different lengths, the algorithm should not only deal with where a beam should be cut it should choose the appropriate length of stock beam to us...