proline and glycine betaine are the most common compatible solutes that prevent plants from destructive effects of osmotic stresses by osmotic adjustment and protection of membranes, proteins and enzymes. it has been reported that exogenous application of these compounds, can increase plant resistance to drought stress. therefore a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design ...

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that can grow at low temperatures and elevated osmolarity. The organism survives these stresses by the intracellular accumulation of osmolytes: low-molecular-weight organic compounds which exert a counterbalancing force. The primary osmolyte in L. monocytogenes is glycine betaine, which is accumulated from the environment via two transport system...

The accumulation of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from exogenous sources provides a high degree of osmotic tolerance to Bacillus subtilis. We have identified, through functional complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant defective in glycine betaine uptake, a new glycine betaine transport system from B. subtilis. The DNA sequence of a 2,310-bp segment of the cloned region revealed a sin...

drought, as an abiotic stress inflicts destructive and harmful effects on plants at their different growth stages. plants react differently to drought. among their reactions is the production of such osmolytes as proline and glycine betaine. it seems that, through exogenous application of these materials, plant resistance to drought stress can be increased. therefore, a factorial experiment, ba...

Previous reports are in conflict as to the number of transport systems for glycine betaine in Staphylococcus aureus. Cells grown in complex medium exhibited a single transport system of moderate affinity. Cells grown in defined medium in the absence of glycine betaine showed a high affinity and a low affinity transport system. Cells grown in the presence of glycine betaine in the presence of os...

Human whole-blood was exposed to 137Cs gamma-rays or 50 keV/microm carbon ions in the presence or absence of glycine betaine, a beer component in vitro. The dicentrics of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by glycine betaine after irradiation with 4 Gy of either gamma-rays or carbon ions. The maximum protection by glycine betaine for gamma-rays or ...

Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from the exogenously provided precursor choline or glycine betaine aldehyde confers considerable osmotic stress tolerance to Bacillus subtilis in high-osmolarity media. Using an Escherichia coli mutant (betBA) defective in the glycine betaine synthesis enzymes, we cloned by functional complementation the genes that are required for the synthesis o...

The regulation of glycine betaine accumulation by Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The accumulation of glycine betaine was regulated by the osmotic pressure of the medium and the low affinity transport system played the major role in this regulation. Mutants were isolated that lack the low affinity, osmotically activated glycine betaine/proline transport system. Such mutants accumulated ...