financial policies in major parts of the samanid era as well as throughout the ghaznavid period were very tyrannical and in this period much oppression was inflicted upon the subjects and the affluent land owners in particular. heavy tributes and other financial infringes and demands in this period, which lasted about a century in khurāsān, plundered and confiscated many properties and lands of...

Prince Khalaf bin Ahmed was born in the year (326 AH / 938 AD), and he is from a family of Persian origins. His lineage goes back on mother’s side to falconers who ruled Islamic East after they took Sijistan as their capital. After several decades, able take over with his cunning political sophistication. And administrative, province Sijistan, continued rule this region for decades (355 961 AD)...

Nishabur, the one and only shining star of Khorasan, has been a city that maintained its importance in almost every period due to location on Silk Road. Vital conditions such as fact Mount Binalud, which it rests, provides superiority protection against enemy attacks, slopes are suitable for agriculture, necessary water is easily accessible, clinched this importance. Due geopolitical position, ...

the deeper we go into the history of architecture, the less physical evidences are found; ceilings are collapsed, walls are fallen and the foundations are faded out over the time. however, there is no trace of some of these buildings, but they are not completely destroyed and they have been surviving in written documentations. the period of ghaznavid empire (997-11860) encompasses one of the mo...

since the advent of islam in central asia, several types of empires ruled on the region; the arabs empire (umayyads and abbasids), the ghaznavid, the seljuks, the mongols, the tatars, and the russians. the abbasids actual power did not last more than a century and a half and gradually independent states emerged at the eastern parts of the empire. the role of caliphate system was then limited an...