A considerable fraction of germanium is produced as a by-product in zinc metallurgy. In the conventional roast-leach-electrowin (RLE) process, most of the germanium is incorporated into the neutral leaching residue, which is the main source for germanium recovery. As the largest germanium supplier worldwide, Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium Co., Ltd (Yunnan, China), recover germanium shown in Fi...

High-purity germanium compounds (e.g. germanium dioxide) are used these days in several applications (e.g. germanium-based detectors, semiconductors, fiber-optic systems). Thus, reliable methods for the routine determination of trace element impurities from germanium compounds must be developed. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emis...

In a theoretical design study, we propose buried waveguides made of germanium or alloys of germanium and other group-IV elements as a CMOS-compatible platform for robust, high-gain stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) applications in the mid-infrared regime. To this end, we present numerical calculations for backward-SBS at 4 μm in germanium waveguides that are buried in silicon nitride. Due t...

Group-IV materials for monolithic integration with silicon optoelectronic systems are being extensively studied. As a part of efforts, light emission from germanium has been pursued with the objective of evolving germanium into an efficient light source for optical communication systems. In this study, we demonstrate room-temperature electroluminescence from germanium in an Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As/Ge ...

The sensitivity of experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta-decay of germanium was so far limited by the background induced by external γ-radiation. Segmented germanium detectors can be used to identify photons and thus reduce this background component. The GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA, will use highly segmented germanium detectors in its second phase. The identification of photoni...

  Germanium nanostructures were generated in the post annealed germanium oxide thin films. Visible and near infrared photoluminescence bands were observed in the samples annealed at 350°C and 400°C, respectively. These different luminescence ranges are attributed to the presence of the defects in oxide matrix and quantum confinement effect in the germanium nanostructures, respectively. Decay ti...

Electrically pumped lasing from Germanium-on-Silicon pnn heterojunction diode structures is demonstrated. Room temperature multimode laser with 1mW output power is measured. Phosphorous doping in Germanium at a concentration over 4x1019cm-3 is achieved. A Germanium gain spectrum of nearly 200nm is observed.

We present a low-temperature inverse micelle solvothermal approach for the synthesis of germanium nanocubes using the surfactant heptaethylene glycol monododecyl ether as a capping agent. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the as-prepared nanocubes are diamond-type pure germanium. Transmission electron microscopy observations show that the as-prepared germanium nanocubes have an edge lengt...

The coordination chemistry of germanium covers quite bulk fields, as shown by a survey covering the crystallographic and structural data of over two hundred examples. About ten percent of those complexes exist as distortion isomers and are summarised. These are discussed in terms of the coordination around the germanium(I), germanium(II) and germanium(IV) atoms, and correlations are drawn betwe...

Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study the nanoindentation of monocrystalline germanium. The path of phase transformation and distribution of transformed region on different crystallographic orientations were investigated. The results indicate the anisotropic behavior of monocrystalline germanium. The nanoindentation-induced phase transformation from diamond cubic structure to β...