[1] We report new observations of stationary planetary waves in the Southern Hemisphere of Mars by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). We focus on a period during midwinter (Ls = 134 –160 ) when independent observations were acquired by two techniques. Radio occultation experiments sounded the atmosphere at essentially fixed latitude ( 68 S) and local time ( 1030), yielding profiles of geopotential and...

A popular methodology to filter seemingly chaotic atmospheric flow into an ordered set of modes of variability is to identify those patterns of geopotential height that occur often. Historically, understanding of the leading patterns or modes of variability was determined through linear statistical methods. Recently, nonlinear methods, such as kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), have be...

the quality of pressure distribution over the atmosphere of the sea level and geopotential altitude at different atmosphere layers affect on many climate and meteorology phenomena of the earth surface. one of the important meteorology phenomenon is the occurrence of frost phenomenon especially late spring frost. in this surrey, occurring late spring frost days and minimum temperature during the...

A least squares regression method is formulated for obtaining global temperature and geopotential height profiles from satellite radiation measurements, particularly those obtained by the Satellite Infra-Red Spectrometer (SIRS) aboard the Nimbus 3 satellite launched Apr. 14, 1969. Regression equations relating temperature and geopotential height to spectral radiance observations are derived. A ...

The choice of global geopotential model used in remove-restore technique for determination of regional quasigeoid from gravity data may affect the solution, in particular when the accuracy is supposed to reach a centimetre level. Global geopotential model plays also an important role in validating height anomalies at GPS/levelling sites that are used for the estimation of the external accuracy ...

Two ocean general circulation models are used to test the ability of geostrophic velocity measurement systems to observe the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and meridional heat transport (MHT) in the South Atlantic. Model sampling experiments are conducted at five latitudes (between 158 and 34.58S) spanning the range of extratropical current regimes in the South Atlantic. Two methods o...

A statistical framework to evaluate the performance of chemistry-climate models with respect to the interaction between meteorology and column ozone during northern hemisphere mid-winter, in particularly January, is used. Different statistical diagnostics from four chemistry-climate models (E39C, ME4C, UMUCAM, ULAQ) are compared with the ERA-40 re-analysis. First, we analyse vertical coherence ...

Twenty-eight years of NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data are employed in a composite analysis of the structure and evolution of the large-scale circulation associated with rapid, subseasonal, westward retractions of the Northern Hemisphere Pacific jet. Nineteen Pacific jet retractions are identified in the dataset. The salient characteristics of these transitions are presented, emphasizing the structure...

Water managers throughout the Western U.S. depend on seasonal forecasts to assist with operations and planning. In this study, we develop a seasonal forecasting model to aid water resources decision-making in the Truckee-Carson River System. We analyze large-scale climate information that has a direct impact on our basin of interest to develop predictors to spring runoff. The predictors are sno...

Extreme fire-weather conditions are usually thought of as discrete events rather than part of a continuum of meteorological and climatological variability. This study uses a synoptic climatological approach (weather typing) to examine the seasonal climatology of extreme fire-weather conditions across the southwest United States (Arizona and New Mexico) during the period of 1988–2003. Three key ...