the previous studies show that a high percentage of traffic accidents take place in two-lane rural highways and most of which happen at horizontal curves. meanwhile the horizontal alignment is often subject to hard topographic conditions where because of economic aspects designers are forced to design horizontal curves at grades. vertical angle of longitudinal slope reduces the normal force of ...

In this paper we discuss the variety of planar spiral segments and their applications in objects in both the real and artificial world. The discussed curves with monotonic curvature function are well-known in geometric modelling and computer aided geometric design as fair curves, and they are very significant in aesthetic shape modelling. Fair curve segments are used for two-point G1 and G2 Her...

Article history: Received 2 October 2013 Accepted 16 February 2014 Available online 27 March 2014

Constraints can be used to specify and maintain spatial relationships among objects in a geometric design. In the 3-D geometric design domain , the diversity of possible relationships among objects makes it diicult for the designer to specify useful or intended relationships in a productive and intuitive manner. We have built a constraint-based 3D geometric editor called DEVI that infers possib...

The research on developing planar curves to produce visually pleasing products (ranges from electric appliances to car body design) and indentifying/modifying planar curves for special purposes namely for railway design, highway design and robot trajectories have been progressing since 1970s. The pattern of research in this field of study has branched to five major groups namely curve synthesis...

The three-dimensional axis consists of a sequence of three-dimensional elements (fixed elements, dialogue elements and coupling elements). Fixed elements should always be selected if it is unnecessary to introduce any variation to the course of the axis based on the design conditions. However, if the idea is to adjust the design of the road to match existing geometrical constraints to an even b...

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Most procedures currently used for the structural and geometric design of pavements fail to treat adequately the effects of mixed traffic on pavement life. The effects of the magpitude$ the configuration, and the number of repetitions of various wheel loads should be included as variables in any good pavement design procedure. An analysis of the axle loads observed on Texas highways is used wit...