complex inherited diseases affected by an interaction between collective effects of the genotype at one or multiple loci either to increase or to lower susceptibility to disease, combined with a variety of environmental exposures that may trigger, accelerate, exacerbate, or protect against the disease process. the new aspects of genetic techniques have been opened for diagnosis and analysis of ...

in general, both common illnesses and rare diseases can develop in people and their relatives in families. therefore, taking family history is an effective screening tool to detect such diseases and patients should be aware of its importance in families’ health with updating information in regular visiting. for more information on identifying the genetic pattern of diseases, in this article, we...

BACKGROUND Clinical genetic testing is becoming an integral part of medical care for inherited disorders. While genetic testing and counseling are readily available in high-income countries, in low- and middle-income countries like Kenya genetic testing is limited and genetic counseling is virtually non-existent. Genetic testing is likely to become widespread in Kenya within the next decade, ye...

clinical emphasis that busy practicing physicians, house physicians, or medical students usually want. If the book is to have a second edition, it could have its clinical focus improved by joint authorship with a geriatrician with experience and interest in nutrition. Despite this limitation, there is much to be gained by a careful reading, and it is recommended to all who care for elderly pers...

disorders, extrapyramidal diseases, changes in brain components, peripheral neuropathies, immunopathology, and neuropharmacology. However, the small, two-paper neuropharmacology "section" lies apart, as if it were an appendix overlooked by the editors' knife. This impression is furthered by the interposition of 37 abstracts between this last, impoverished section and a mediocre index. Furthermo...

The valuable contribution made by nurses and social workers employed in genetic services in Britain was recognised by a Clinical Genetics Society Working Party. A recent survey has examined their role in the service and a selection of findings is presented in this paper. Their introduction to the clinical team facilitates the process of counselling and promotes a more comprehensive service for ...