one concern about using transgenic plants is the genetic variation that occurred from theirs tissue culture and regeneration. molecular markers are an important element for efficient and effective determination of genetic variation. the present work was carried out to assess the genetic uniformity of transgenic cottons (bt and chitinase lines), using rapd, issr molecular markers and sds-page an...

An increase in the distribution of data points indicates the presence of genetic or environmental modifiers. Mapping of the genetic control of the spread of points, the uniformity, allows us to allocate genetic difference in point distribution to adjacent, cis effects or to independently segregating, trans genetic effects. Our genetic architecture-mapping experiment elucidated the "environmenta...

To increase plumage color uniformity and understand the genetic background of Korean chickens, we performed a genome-wide association study of different plumage color in Korean native chickens. We analyzed 60K SNP chips on 279 chickens with GEMMA methods for GWAS and estimated the genetic heritability for plumage color. The estimated heritability suggests that plumage coloration is a polygenic ...

For crop production it is desirable for the mapping between genotype and phenotype to be consistent, such that an optimized genotype produces uniform sets of individual plants. Uniformity is strongly selected in breeding programs, usually automatically, as harvest equipment eliminates severely non-uniform individuals. Uniformity is genetically controlled, is known to be increased by interplant ...

The ε term is referred to by numerous synonyms in the literature like stochastic noise, biological variance, and error but is more commonly discussed as the inverse (ε−1) using words like uniformity, canalization, robustness, or stability depending upon the research field. In evolutionary theory, canalization is utilized to refer to the idea that selection functions to minimize the error (maxim...