in the past decade much effort has been devoted to the development of new expression systems and novel techniques for the surface display of heterologous proteins in yeast in order to improve their applications in biotechnology, food technology, pharmacology and medicine. heterologous protein-encoding genes are generally fused with genes coding for yeast cell wall proteins or their fragments re...

Two artificial intelligence techniques, namely artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were combined to be used as a tool for optimizing the covalent immobilization of cellulase on a smart polymer, Eudragit L-100. 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) concentration, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) concentration and coupling time were taken as independent variables,...

Muscular dystrophies are often caused by genetic alterations in the dystrophin-dystroglycan complex or its extracellular ligands. These structures are associated with the cell membrane and provide mechanical links between the cytoskeleton and the matrix. Mechanical stress is considered a pathological mechanism and muscle immobilization has been shown to be beneficial in some mouse models of mus...

Techniques for stable, rapid and repeatable small-animal immobilization are necessary for high-throughput in vivo genetic/drug screens using cellular and sub-cellular features in multi-cellular organisms. We demonstrate a method for non-invasive and high-throughput on-chip immobilization of physiologically active C. elegans without the use of anesthesia or cooling, but with comparable stability...

The DNA microarray-based analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is important for the correlation of genetic variations and individual phenotypes, and for locating disease-causing genes. To facilitate the development of surfaces suitable for immobilization of oligonucleotides, we report here a novel method for the surface immobilization of DNA using pre-fabricated polyamidoamine (PAM...

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is the most important identified virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a human pathogen of the upper respiratory tract. One limitation in studies of S. pneumoniae surface virulence factors is the lack of a reliable procedure for isolation of capsule-negative mutants of clinical strains. This paper presents an approach, based on the immobilization of pne...

We report on the study of immobilization DNA probes onto quartz crystal oscillators by self-assembly technique to form variety types of mono- and multi-layered sensing films towards the realization of DNA diagnostic devices. A 18-mer DNA probe complementary to the site of genetic beta-thalassaemia mutations was immobilized on the electrodes of QCM by covalent bonding or electrostatic adsorption...

Diallel crosses were used to investigate the genetic inheritance of stress responsiveness through examination of population effects in progeny of randombred (RB) quail and quail selected for reduced (low stress, LS) or exaggerated (high stress, HS) plasma corticosterone (CS) response to brief immobilization. The three genotypes were crossed in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments that al...

The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass contributes substantially to health and to issues associated with the quality of life. It has been well recognized that skeletal muscle mass is regulated by mechanically induced changes in protein synthesis, and that signaling by mTOR is necessary for an increase in protein synthesis and the hypertrophy that occurs in response to increased mechanical load...