The most frequently used climate classification map is that of Wladimir Köppen, presented in its latest version 1961 by Rudolf Geiger. A huge number of climate studies and subsequent publications adopted this or a former release of the Köppen-Geiger map. While the climate classification concept has been widely applied to a broad range of topics in climate and climate change research as well as ...

The microscopic scissurellids are being currently revised; scissurellids is used here for the small Vetigastropoda formerly classified in Scissurelloidea, but which has been shown to be a polyphyletic assemblage (e.g., Geiger 2008, Geiger & Thacker 2005). Geiger (2003) presented an overview, where the new monotypic subfamily, genus, and species were introduced: Depressizoninae with Depressizona...

SUMMARY Phylogenetic comparative methods are essential for addressing evolutionary hypotheses with interspecific data. The scale and scope of such data have increased dramatically in the past few years. Many existing approaches are either computationally infeasible or inappropriate for data of this size. To address both of these problems, we present geiger v2.0, a complete overhaul of the popul...

The properties of avalanche photodiodes and associated electronics required for photon counting in the Geiger and the sub-Geiger modes are reviewed. When the Geiger mode is used, there are significant improvements reported in overall photon detection efficiencies (approaching 70% at 633 nm), and a timing jitter (under 200 ps) is achieved with passive quenching at high overvoltages (20-30 V). Th...

The HEGRA experiment is a hybrid installation characterized by four diierent types of detectors (scintillator counters, open Cerenkov counters, Cerenkov telescopes and Geiger towers) located within one detector array. The Geiger towers are built with the objective to measure the local energy deposition and to reconstruct and identify muon tracks. In addition each tower may serve as an independe...