a total of 76 specimens of three fish species including: hemiculter lucisculus (41), liza auratus (16) and gasterosteus aculeutus (19) were caught using handnet from 3 station in zardi river in the south-eastern costal of caspian sea at autumn and winter 2009 and spring 2010. the fishes were transported alive to the laboratory of shahid rajaee site. they were killed by cutting their spinal cord...

MILLER, R. R., AND C. L. HUBBS. 1969. Systematics of Gasterosteus aculeatus, with particular reference to intergradation and introgression along the Pacific coast of North America: a commentary on a recent contribution. Copeia 1969:52-69. MOODIE, G. E. E., AND T. E. REIMCHEN. 1976. Phenetic variation and habitat differences in Gasterosteus populations of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Syst. Zool....

Preferences for grouping with familiar individuals are shown in many animal species, including the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Shoaling with familiars is advantageous because of more precise anti-predator behaviours or more stable dominance hierarchies. Additionally, associations with familiar individuals facilitate the evolution of altruistic behaviour. Thus, in situatio...

Reproductive maturation in both male and female three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was strongly photoperiodic in a northern population (Alaska, 61 degrees N) but not in a southern population (Oregon, 43 degrees N) from western North America. Increasing reliance on photoperiod with increasing latitude is a general phenomenon among vertebrates, and is probably due to the anticipation...

The egg nest of male three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus is constructed with a gluelike secretion that this study demonstrates has antimicrobial properties. Glue collected from reproductively active males decreased the growth rate of bacteria and opportunistic fungi, and eggs were more likely to mature and hatch after exposure to their father’s glue. This phenomenon may represent a...

Seven species of the genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in Scotland, England and Wales. Species found include: Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961 from Cyprinus carpio L., Carassius auratus L., Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Salmo trutta L. and Phoxinus phoxinus L.; Trichodina domerguei Wallengren,...

While the genetic basis to plate morph evolution of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is well described, the environmental variables that select for different plate and spine morphs are incompletely understood. Using replicate populations of three-spined sticklebacks on North Uist, Scotland, we previously investigated the role of predation pressure and calcium limitation on ...

the systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the sticklebacks and pipefishes of iran are described, the species are illustrated, and a bibliography on these fishes is provided. there are two sticklebacks ( gasterosteus aculeatus , an exotic, and pungitius platygaster , a native) and one native pipefish ( syngnathus caspius ), the natives found in t...