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Gambits are central to human decision-making. Our goal is provide a theory of Gambits. A Gambit combination psychological and technical factors designed disrupt predictable play. Chess provides an environment study gambits behavioral game theory. based on the Bellman optimality path for sequential This allows us calculate Q $$ -values where material (usually pawn) sacrificed dynamic On empirica...

The activity of speaking is conducted spontaneously and there is not much time devoted to preplanning and arranging the utterances the speaker intends to deliver. Briefly defined, gambits and routines refer to the words and phrases that facilitate the flow of conversations. As such, one way to help learners acquire oral proficiency is to teach gambits that support the social skills emphasized. ...

Mastery of speaking skills in a second language (L2) necessitates not only having the full command linguistic repertoire but also knowledge tactfulness target language. Being tactful communicator requires use strategies such as conversational gambits everyday speech. Gambits are usually multiple units which convey certain messages opening conversation or keeping it flow smoothly. Such semi-fixe...

Abstract. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a contemporary teaching model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) using English Conversational Gambits as language material, which focuses on improving students' speaking skills. However, this examine attitudes toward implementing learning models in terms behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. present was conducted at university Tasik...

conversations contain spontaneous use of routine formulas which lets speaker sinteract with each other to express opinions. gambits, as one of these formulas, act as an opening remark and help speakers to maintain the smooth flow of an everyday conversation. the lack of mastery of using gambits in maintaining the conversation leads to breakdowns in speaking. this paper aimedat comparingthe use ...