conclusions laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible technique to manage cholecystocutaneous fistulas. case presentation a 55-year-old male with comorbidities presented with a discharging sinus at the right upper quadrant area after an abdominal wall abscess drainage. a computerized tomography scan showed a biliary fistula. laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out successfully. i...

Plant cells respond to abiotic and biotic stimuli, which generate adaptive phenotypes in plant organs. In the case of plant galls, cell phenotypes are adaptive for the gall inducer and assume characteristics mainly linked to its protection and nutrition. Herein, the cytological development and histochemical profile of Nothotrioza cattleiani galls, a sucking insect, on the leaves of Psidium catt...

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant-signaling hormone involved in defenses against insects and pathogens as well as the regulation of nutrient partitioning. Gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) induce the formation of galls on their host plants, which house immature wasps and provide them with nutrition and protection. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of JA application on gall dev...

Interest in studying galls and their arthropods inducers has been growing rapidly in the last two decades. However, the Neotropical region is probably the least studied region for gall-inducing arthropods. A study of the richness and composition of gall-inducing arthropods was carried out at Coiba National Park in the Republic of Panama. Field data come from samples obtained between August 1997...

The aim of this study was to develop a preparation of a hydroalcoholic extract of Quercus infectoria in order to study the physicochemical parameters, and to identify and quantitatively determine the amount of Polyphenols and Tannin in the galls and in the extract. Preparation of an extract rich in Tannin from the galls of Quercus infectoria, as an astringent, can make incorporation into recta...

Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes are related pathogens that cause crown gall and hairy root diseases, which result from integration and expression of bacterial genes in the plant genome. Single-stranded DNA (T strands) and virulence proteins are translocated into plant cells by a type IV secretion system. VirD2 nicks a specific DNA sequence, attaches to the 5' end, and pil...

Some studies suggest that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) affect plant-parasitic nematode populations. Here, the effects of live and dead IJ of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora JPM4, H. baujardi LPP7, Steinernema feltiae SN and S. carpocapsae All were evaluated against eggs and J2 of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne mayaguensis. According to treatment, 100 IJ were applied with 350 eggs, 3...

Contarinia manii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described as a new species, on the basis of adults reared from remarkable 'cylinder-piston' galls formed from contiguous leaflets of Acacia ferruginea D.C. in southern India. These galls have been known since 1952 but adults were not reared until 2007. The new species, and another Indian species, Contarinia ramachandrani (Mani), induce similar but di...

Goto and Gibler (5) r e p o r t e d that nematodes in leaf galls on Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. near St. Paul, Minnesota, resembled Anguillulina graminophila [= Subanguina graminophila (T. Goodey, 1933) Brzeski, 1981]. Wu (10) descr ibed Anguina calamagrostis Wu, 1967, later renamed Subanguina calamagrostis (Wu, 1967) Brzeski, 1981 (3), as occur r ing on C. canadensis in On ta r io...

I report the Þrst example of communal parasitism in galling aphids and quantify the effects of gall invasion by the inquiline aphid Tamalia inquilina Miller on its host, Tamalia coweni (Cockerell). On populations of the host plants Arctostaphylos spp., both T. coweni and T. inquilina exhibited facultatively communal behavior and co-occupied galls with no apparent agonistic interactions. Althoug...