collapse of the christian church in the west is the beginning of enlightenment era in which western theorists constituted a new base in theoretical and practical thoughts with dominance of positivist thoughts and with disregard to metaphysical principles. meanwhile, when these new schools of thought became unable to lay a solid foundation to give meaning to the world and human life and when the...

According to Gabriel Marcel, being cannot be approached directly through a conceptual way, because it belongs to the real territory of mystery rather than that of problem. One of the most important concepts in Marcel’s philosophy is that of hope. Marcel’s conception of hope relies upon a distinction between “having” and “being.”  We do not have a belief; we are in a belief. Similarly, ...

from marcel's point of view, since philosophical issues such as existence and free will belong to the realm of mystery rather than problem, metaphysics is a matter of meditation on mysteries which are considered through secondary reflection. gabriel marcels believes that the metaphysicians have made the mistake of trying to put forward philosophical issues which are of the sort of mystery ...