gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is an important inhibitory transmitter in central nervous system and is involved in pathophysiology of epilepsy. pentylenete-trazole (ptz), a convulsant agent, partly acts via anion channel of gabaa receptor. ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent and a gabaa agonist, has anticonvulsant effect in animal seizure models. cholestasis increases the threshold of ptz-induce...

this research was done to test the effect of rosa damascena essential oil on withdrawal signsof naloxone-precipitated morphine in male mice. morphine dependence was induced by injection(ip) three times daily at doses of 50, 50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 days. on day 4,after the last administration of morphine, rosa damascena essential oil was administered atdifferent concentrations (5, 2...

introduction: we previously shown that microinjection of glutamate into the hdb of rat elicited cardiovascular depressive responses. microinjection of ap5 (an nmda receptor antagonist, 2.5 mm, 50 nl) and cnqx (an ampa receptor antagonist, 1 mm, 50 nl) caused no significant changes in the blood pressure and heart rate. microinjection of bicuculline (bmi: a gabaa receptor antagonist, 1 mm, 50 nl)...

Introduction: We previously shown that microinjection of glutamate into the hDB of rat elicited cardiovascular depressive responses. Microinjection of AP5 (an NMDA receptor antagonist, 2.5 mM, 50 nl) and CNQX (an AMPA receptor antagonist, 1 mM, 50 nl) caused no significant changes in the blood pressure and heart rate. Microinjection of bicuculline (BMI: a GABAA receptor antagonist, 1 mM, 50...

post traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a disorder of emotional and mental stress occurring as an outcome of injury or severe emotional shock. yoga may be useful in decrease of ptsd symptomology. new studies demonstrate that people suffering from ptsd can find actual relief with yoga. yoga decreases stress-induced allosteric load in three reactive systems of stress: the autonomic nervous syste...

although many studies have highlighted the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in the pathophysiology of psychosis, there is no drug-induced animal model in which gaba is manipulated. in this article we propose a hypothetical animal model for psychosis based on the silencing gabaergic system.  the presentation also suggest pre-pulse inhibition test as a preferred approach towards proving thi...

epilepsy is accompanied with a strong change in neuronal activity not only in excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (gabaergic) neurotransmission, but also in neuromodulatory agents. dopaminergic system, as an important neuromodulatory system of the brain, has significant effect on neuronal excitability. in addition, this system undergoes many changes in epileptic brain. understanding the e...

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder of emotional and mental stress occurring as an outcome of injury or severe emotional shock. Yoga may be useful in decrease of PTSD symptomology. New studies demonstrate that people suffering from PTSD can find actual relief with yoga. Yoga decreases stress-induced allosteric load in three reactive systems of stress: the autonomic nervous syste...