abstract background: the current practice to measure rv is either by bpg or helium dilution methods which may not be available in all clinics due to their cost. methods: this paper outlines a method for both direct and indirect calculation of rv via pft with acceptable sensitivity (81 %, 60% ), specificity (71 %, 94%) and validity (76%, 78%) for obstructive and restrictive lung disease respecti...

BACKGROUND The statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society on the measurement of static lung volumes (SLV) suggests a preferred and alternate method for measuring and calculating SLV. OBJECTIVE To determine if differences in functional residual capacity (FRC), vital capacity (VC), residual volume (RV), and total lung capacity (TLC), obtained using preferred an...

This memo contains a table of commonly occurring attributes in headings and on envelopes of e-mail messages. The document compiles information from other RFC-s such as RFC 821, RFC 822, RFC 1036, RFC 1123, RFC 1327, RFC 1496, RFC 1521, RFC 1766 and RFC 1806. A few commonly occurring attributes which are not defined in RFC-s are also included. For each attribute, the memo gives a short descripti...

The importance of routine pre-oxygenation before induction of anaesthesia was demonstrated in animals. The onset of dangerous levels of hypoxia after the administered of suxamethonium can be delayed considerably by the administration of pure oxygen for 5 minutes before induction. This allows time for an atraumatic and a panic-free intubation before controlled ventilation. After pre-oxygenation ...

To compare force levels obtained from glass fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) archwires. Specifically, FRC wires were compared with polymer matrices having different dimethacrylate monomer compositions. FRC material (E-glass provided by Stick Tech Ltd, Turku, Finland) with continuous unidirectional glass fibres and four different types of dimethacrylate monomer compositions for the resin matrix ...

Definitions of human lung volumes and the mechanisms that set them are reviewed in the context of pulmonary function testing, with attention to the distinction between functional residual capacity (FRC) and the static relaxation volume of the respiratory system, and to the circumstances in which FRC and residual volume are set by dynamic rather than by static mechanisms. Related terms, conventi...

We have examined the effect of the fractional concentration of nitrogen (FIN2) on the decrease in lung volumes which occurs during restricted breathing with oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. Conscious human subjects breathed one of five gas mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen for 15 min on each of five occasions. For the final 5 min of each 15-min period, functional residual capacity (FRC) was reduced by o...