abstract background and aim: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the cephalometric changes in class ii division 1 mandibular deficient patients treated with farmand functional appliance.  methods and materials: twenty-seven subjects (17 girls and 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1±1.4 years were involved in the present study. all the subjects were treated with farmand functional applia...

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cephalometric changes in Class II division 1 mandibular deficient patients treated with Farmand functional appliance.  Methods and Materials: Twenty-seven subjects (17 girls and 10 boys) with the mean age of 11.1±1.4 years were involved in the present study. All the subjects were treated with Farmand functional ...

objective: prefabricated functional appliances have therapeutic effects similar to those of custom-made functional appliances. this study aimed to assess the dentoskeletal effects of multi p® prefabricated functional appliance on class ii div 1children in late mixed dentition. methods: this open label trial was conducted on 18 children aged 9-12 years with cl ii div 1 malocclusion due to mandib...

Objectives: Prefabricated functional appliances have therapeutic effects similar to those of custom-made functional appliances. This study aimed to assess the dentoskeletal effects of Multi P® prefabricated functional appliance on Class II Div 1children in late mixed dentition. Methods: This open label trial was conducted on 18 children aged 9-12 years with Cl II Div 1 malocclusion due t...

The history of the functional appliance can be traced back to 1879, when Norman Kingsley introduced the "bite-jumping" appliance. In the early 1900s, parallel development began in the United States and Europe in fixed and functional techniques, respectively, but the Atlantic Ocean was a geographic barrier that restricted the sharing of knowledge and experience in these philosophies. The only ex...

There is still controversy regarding the efficacy of functional appliances when treating malocclusion at an early age. Although a good outcome from treatment is important, the stability of the results over time becomes a major concern. This paper presents the results of three open bite cases treated with the Bimler type-A appliance in the mixed dentition. The open bite cases presented here demo...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether anterior and inferior displacement of the maxilla seen with rapid palatal expansion when done with a banded rapid palatal expansion appliance is significantly different from an occlusally bonded rapid palatal expansion appliance. It was hypothesized that the bonded appliance would limit unwanted displacement of the maxilla by producing vertical...