The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of maleic (cis; 2-butaneoic acid) and fumaric (trans; 2-butaneoic acid) acids adsorbed on aqueous silver sol particles are reported. These two acids form two groups of isomers which differ only in the relative positions of the two carboxylate groups. The photochemistry of maleic and fumaric acids adsorbed on the surface of silver colloids...

the surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) spectra of maleic (cis; 2-butaneoic acid) and fumaric (trans; 2-butaneoic acid) acids adsorbed on aqueous silver sol particles are reported. these two acids form two groups of isomers which differ only in the relative positions of the two carboxylate groups. the photochemistry of maleic and fumaric acids adsorbed on the surface of silver colloids is ...

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-fumaric acid coupled addition on in vitro methangenesis and rumen fermentation. Evaluation was carried out using in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal contents were collected from five steers immediately after slaughtering and used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms. Rumen fluid was the...

Production of fumaric acid from xylo-oligosaccharides manufacturing waste residue (XOR) by Rhizopus oryzae CICC 40351 was investigated in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. The fermentation conditions for SSF were optimized by an orthogonal design method to maximize the fumaric acid concentration. The highest fumaric acid concentration (12.54 g/L) was reached with a...

hand eczema is a common distressing skin problem. it is an immune reaction to haptens. thus, substances that inhibit immune system can be effective in the treatment of hand eczema. in this study, topical fumaric acid 5% cream is compared with topical steroid in the treatment of hand eczema. patients with hand eczema were randomly divided into two groups. one group received fumaric acid 5% in a ...

Production of fumaric acid and xylooligosaccharides from corncob was investigated using a combined process. Corncob was fractionated into a cellulose-rich fraction and a hemicellulose-rich fraction by an alkali pretreatment. The cellulose-rich fraction was converted into fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae in fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Maximal fumaric acid conce...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(10)H(24)N(3) (+)·0.5C(4)H(2)O(4) (2-)·0.5C(4)H(4)O(4), comprises a triisopropyl-guanidinium cation, half of a fumarate dianion and half of a fumaric acid mol-ecule; both the fumarate dianion and the fumaric acid mol-ecule are located on inversion centres. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups of the fumaric ...

Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus strains were screened for their ability to produce fumaric acid on glycerol as the sole carbon source in the medium. After seven days of stationary culture, fumaric acid was assayed by HPLC analysis, and maximum concentrations of 0.3% (w/v) and 0.33% (w/v) were recorded. Protoplast fusion was used to improve fumaric acid production. A selective medium fo...

Short term in vitro incubations were used to evaluate the effect of fumaric acid bentonite coupled addition on rumen fermentation effeciency. Ruminal contents from five steers were used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms that were used in generatation of three treatment systems, negative control, fumaric acid treated, and fumaric acid – bentonite coupled treated. The fer...