Fourteen adult frogs including six banded frog, Rana camerani and eight marsh frog, Rana ridibunda ridibunda were collected from two sites of Chahar Mahal-o-Bakhtiari province at the southwest of Iran and then were examined for helminth parasites. Only Dolichosaccus rastellus  (50%) was found in R. camerani, Skrjabinoeces similis (50%) and metacercarian cysts of Codonocephalus urniger (12....

A field trials were conducted to assess the helminth parasites of 12 marsh frogs (Rana ridibunda ridibunda) in the Anzali, Astara and Aghbaba regions in the north of Iran in May 1994. Experimental results showed that 83.8% of the Anzali marsh frogs were infected by one or two kinds of metacercarian cysts of digenetic trematodes. The helminth parasites were included Skrjabinoeces breviansa, S. s...

A field trials were conducted to assess the helminth parasites of 12 marsh frogs (Rana ridibunda ridibunda) in the Anzali, Astara and Aghbaba regions in the north of Iran in May 1994. Experimental results showed that 83.8% of the Anzali marsh frogs were infected by one or two kinds of metacercarian cysts of digenetic trematodes. The helminth parasites were included Skrjabinoeces breviansa, S. s...

Fourteen adult frogs including six banded frog, Rana camerani and eight marsh frog, Rana ridibunda ridibunda were collected from two sites of Chahar Mahal-o-Bakhtiari province at the southwest of Iran and then were examined for helminth parasites. Only Dolichosaccus rastellus  (50%) was found in R. camerani, Skrjabinoeces similis (50%) and metacercarian cysts of Codonocephalus urniger (12.5%) w...

immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) are among the most polymorphic genes in the vertebrate genome. due to their polymorphic nature, they are often used to assess the adaptive genetic variability of natural populations. this study describes the first molecular characterization of 13 partial mhc class iib sequences from three european ranid frogs.  the utility of previously...

The bacteria in the large intestines of 10 northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were enumerated and partially characterized. Four nonhibernating frogs were collected in the summer, four hibernating frogs were collected in the winter, and two frogs just emerged from hibernation were collected in the spring. All frogs had about 10(10) bacteria per g (wet weight) of intestinal contents and about ...

In vitro studies have demonstrated atrazine-mediated induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. EROD is an enzyme active in the metabolism of many compounds, including many xenobiotics. These studies have suggested that atrazine may affect reproductive function by altering steroid metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine whether relationships could be detected betwe...

Male frogs vocalize calls to attract conspecific females as well as to announce their own territories to other male frogs. In the choruses, acoustic interaction allows the male frogs to alternate their calls with each other. Such call alternation is reported in various species of frogs including Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica). During call alternation, both male and female frogs are likely ...

We investigated the ecological physiology and behavior of free-living wood frogs [Lithobates (Rana) sylvaticus] overwintering in Interior Alaska by tracking animals into natural hibernacula, recording microclimate, and determining frog survival in spring. We measured cryoprotectant (glucose) concentrations and identified the presence of antifreeze glycolipids in tissues from subsamples of natur...